Centers for Disease Control and Prevention View Institution's Website 7 articles published in JoVE Biology Effective Oral RNA Interference (RNAi) Administration to Adult Anopheles gambiae Mosquitoes Mabel Taracena1,2, Catherine Hunt1, Pamela Pennington3, Deborah Andrew4,5, Marcelo Jacobs-Lorena5,6, Ellen Dotson1, Michael Wells5,7,8 1Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Entomology Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2Department of Entomology, Cornell University, 3Centro de Estudios en Biotecnologia, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, 4Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 5Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 6Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and Malaria Research Institute, 7Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 8Biomedical Sciences Department, Idaho College of Osteopathic Medicine The oral administration of dsRNA produced by bacteria, a delivery method for RNA interference (RNAi) that is routinely used in Caenorhabditis elegans, was successfully applied here to adult mosquitoes. Our method allows for robust reverse genetics studies and transmission-blocking vector studies without the use of injection. Immunology and Infection Immunohistochemistry Test for the Lyssavirus Antigen Detection from Formalin-Fixed Tissues Michael Niezgoda1, Panayampalli Subbian Satheshkumar1 1Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Here, we present an immunohistochemistry test protocol for the detection of rabies virus antigen as an alternative diagnostic test for formalin-fixed tissues. Immunology and Infection Measuring Influenza Neutralizing Antibody Responses to A(H3N2) Viruses in Human Sera by Microneutralization Assays Using MDCK-SIAT1 Cells F. Liaini Gross1,2, Yaohui Bai1, Stacie Jefferson1, Crystal Holiday1, Min Z. Levine1 1Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2Battelle Influenza neutralizing antibodies correlate with protection of influenza infections. Microneutralization assays measure neutralizing antibodies in human sera and are often used for influenza human serology. We describe a microneutralization assay using MDCK-SIAT1 cells to measure neutralizing antibody titers to contemporary 3C.2a and 3C.3a A(H3N2) viruses following influenza vaccination or infection. Immunology and Infection Rescue and Characterization of Recombinant Virus from a New World Zika Virus Infectious Clone James Weger-Lucarelli1, Nisha K. Duggal2, Aaron C. Brault2, Brian J. Geiss1, Gregory D. Ebel1 1Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, 2Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention This protocol describes the recovery of infectious Zika virus from a two-plasmid infectious cDNA clone. Immunology and Infection Swab Sampling Method for the Detection of Human Norovirus on Surfaces Geun Woo Park1, Preeti Chhabra1, Jan Vinjé1 1Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention A macrofoam based sampling methodology was developed and evaluated for the detection and quantification of norovirus on environmental hard surfaces. Immunology and Infection Establishing a Liquid-covered Culture of Polarized Human Airway Epithelial Calu-3 Cells to Study Host Cell Response to Respiratory Pathogens In vitro Jennifer L. Harcourt1, Lia M. Haynes1 1National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Division of Viral Diseases, Gastroenteritis and Respiratory Viruses Laboratory Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Immunology and Infection Saliva, Salivary Gland, and Hemolymph Collection from Ixodes scapularis Ticks Toni G. Patton1, Gabrielle Dietrich2, Kevin Brandt1, Marc C. Dolan2, Joseph Piesman2, Robert D. Gilmore Jr.1 1Microbiology and Pathogenesis Activity, Bacterial Diseases Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2Tick-Borne Diseases Activity, Bacterial Diseases Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention The collection of infected tick hemolymph, salivary glands, and saliva is important to study how tick-borne pathogens cause disease. In this protocol we demonstrate how to collect hemolymph and salivary glands from feeding Ixodes scapularis nymphs. We also demonstrate saliva collection from female I. scapularis adults.