An Assay to Study the Impact of Extracellular Matrix Stiffness on Bacterial Infection

Published: March 29, 2024

Abstract

Source: Bastounis, E. E., et al. A Multi-well Format Polyacrylamide-based Assay for Studying the Effect of Extracellular Matrix Stiffness on the Bacterial Infection of Adherent Cells. J. Vis. Exp. (2018).

This video demonstrates an assay to study the effect of extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness on bacterial infection of adherent cells. Polyacrylamide hydrogels of varying stiffness, overlaid with collagen, are layered in a multi-well plate to mimic the stiffness of physiological ECM. Upon overlaying human endothelial cells on the hydrogels and infecting the cells with Listeria monocytogenes bacteria engineered to express a fluorescent protein once intracellular, flow cytometry is used to compare internalized bacteria in cells residing on stiffer hydrogels versus softer hydrogels.

Protocol

1. Manufacturing Thin Two-layered Polyacrylamide (PA) Hydrogels on Multi-Well Plates Polyacrylamide hydrogel fabrication NOTE: See Figure 1. Prepare aqueous solutions that contain 3 – 10% of 40% stock acrylamide solution (see Table of Materials) and 0.06 – 0.6% of 2% stock bis-acrylamide solution (see Table of Materials) to manufacture hydrogels of tunable stiffness ranging f…

Representative Results

Figure 1: Bacterial infection assay of host cells residing on thin two-layered fluorescent bead-embedded polyacrylamide (PA) hydrogels of varying stiffness. A. Glass coverslips are chemically modified to enable hydrogel attachment. B. 3.6 µL of PA mixtures are deposited on the glass bottoms. C. The mixture is covered with a 12-mm circular glas…

Offenlegungen

The authors have nothing to disclose.

Materials

Reagents
Sodium hydroxide pellets Fisher S318-500
(3-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane Sigma A3648
25% gluteraldehyde Sigma G6257-100ML
40% Acrylamide Sigma A4058-100ML
Bis-acrylamide solution (2%w/v) Fisher Scientific BP1404-250
Fluorospheres carboxylate-modified microspheres, 0.1 μm, yellow-green fluorescent (505/515) Invitrogen F8803
Ammonium Persulfate Fisher BP17925
TEMED Sigma T9281-25ML
Sulfo-SANPAH Proteochem c1111-100mg
Collagen, Type I Solution from rat Sigma C3867-1VL
Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) J.T. Baker 9224-01
HEPES, Free acid J.T. Baker 4018-04
Leibovitz's L-15 medium, no phenol red Thermofischer 21083027
MCDB 131 Medium, no glutamine Life technologies 10372019
Foundation Fetal Bovine Serum, Lot: A37C48A Gemini Bio-Prod 900108 500ml
Epidermal Growth Factor, EGF Sigma E9644
Hydrocortisone Sigma H0888
L-Glutamine 200mM Fisher SH3003401
DPBS 1X Fisher SH30028FS
Gentamicin sulfate MP biomedicals 194530
Cloramphenicol Sigma C0378-5G
DifcoTM Agar, Granulated BD 214530
BBL TM Brain-heart infusion BD 211059
Hoechst 33342, trihydrochloride, trihydrate – 10 mg/ul solution in water Invitrogen H3570
Formaldehyde 16% EM grade Electron microscopy 15710-S
Anti-Listeria monocytogenes antibody Abcam ab35132
Goat anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L) Secondary Antibody, Alexa Fluor® 546 conjugate Thermofischer A-11035
0.25% trypsin-EDTA , phenol red Thermofischer 25200056
COLLAGENASE FROM CLOSTRIDIUM HISTOLYTIC Sigma C8051
Streptomycin sulfate Fisher Scientific 3810-74-0
Sucrose Calbiochem 8510
Sodium dodecyl sulfate Thermofischer 28364
MES powder Sigma M3885
KCl J.T. Baker 3040-05
MgCl2 J.T. Baker 2444-1
EGTA Acros 40991
Disposable lab equipment
12 mm circular glass coverslips Fisherbrand 12-545-81 No. 1.5 Coverslip | 10 mm Glass Diameter | Uncoated
Glass bottom 24 well plates Mattek P24G-1.5-13-F
5 ml polystyrene tubes with a 35 μm cell strainer cap Falcon 352235
T-25 flasks Falcon 353118
50 ml conical tubes Falcon 352070
15 ml conicals tubes Falcon 352196
Disposable Serological Pipettes (1 ml, 2 ml, 5 ml, 10 ml, 25 ml) Falcon 357551
Pasteur Glass Pipettes VWR 14672-380
Pipette Tips (1-200 μl, 101-1000 μl) Denville P1122, P1126
Powder Free Examination Gloves Microflex XC-310
Cuvettes bacteria Sarstedt 67.746
Razors VWR 55411-050
Syringe needle BD 305167
0.2um sterilizng bottles Thermo Scientific 566-0020
20 ml syringes BD 302830
0.2um filters Thermo Scientific 723-2520
wooden sticks Grainger 42181501
Saran wrap Santa Cruz Biotechnologies sc-3687
Plates bacteria Falcon 351029
Large/non-disposable lab equipment
Tissue Culture Hood Baker SG504
Hemacytometer Sigma Z359629
Bacteria incubator Thermo Scientific IGS180
Tissue culture Incubator NuAire NU-8700
Vacuum chamber/degasser Belart 42025 37 °C and 5% CO2
Inverted Nikon Diaphot 200 epifluorescence microscope Nikon NIKON-DIAPHOT-200
Cage Incubator Haison Custom
Scanford FACScan analyzer Stanford and Cytek upgraded FACScan Custom
Pipette Aid Drummond 4-000-110
Pipettors (10 μl, 200 μl, 1000ul) Gilson F144802, F123601, F123602
pH meter Mettler Toledo 30019028
forceps FST 11000-12
1 L flask Fisherbrand FB5011000
Autoclave machine Amsco 3021
Stir magnet plate Bellco 7760-06000
Magnet stirring bars Bellco 1975-00100
Spectrophotometer Beckman DU 640
Scanford FACScan analyzer Cytek Biosciences Custom Stanford and Cytek upgraded FACScan
Software
Microscope Software (μManager) Open Imaging
Matlab Matlab Inc
Flowjo FlowJo, LLC
Automated image analysis software, CellC https://sites.google.com/site/cellcsoftware/ The software is freely available. Eexecutable files and MATLAB source codes can be obtained at https://sites.google.com/site/cellcsoftware/

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An Assay to Study the Impact of Extracellular Matrix Stiffness on Bacterial Infection. J. Vis. Exp. (Pending Publication), e22005, doi: (2024).

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