The Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) is a cornerstone of modern financial theory, providing a rigorous method for determining the expected return on an investment relative to its systematic risk. CAPM's utility spans various domains within finance, offering critical insights into risk management, asset valuation, and strategic decision-making.

CAPM is indispensable for assessing the performance of individual securities. By comparing a stock's expected return, as determined by CAPM, with its actual return, portfolio managers can evaluate whether a security is overperforming or underperforming relative to its risk profile. Overperforming stocks, which deliver returns above the CAPM-predicted levels, are highly valued as they indicate effective management and potential for sustained high performance. Conversely, underperforming stocks that fall short of CAPM expectations may be candidates for reallocation or divestment to optimize the portfolio's overall risk-return balance.

For mutual funds and other investment vehicles, CAPM serves as a benchmark for performance evaluation. Investors can compare a fund's returns with the expected returns calculated via CAPM to determine the fund's effectiveness in managing risk. Funds that consistently outperform their CAPM benchmarks signal superior investment strategies and robust risk management practices, making them attractive to discerning investors. This comparison helps investors make informed choices about where to allocate their capital, seeking funds that maximize returns relative to their risk.