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Chapter 3

Operational Amplifiers

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The temperature detector fire alarm system consists of a thermistor sensor that initiates a small current flow in case of a fire. This signal is too weak …
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Consider the equivalent circuit model of an operational amplifier. The output section consists of a voltage-controlled source in series with the output …
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The inverting amplifier connects the input voltage through a resistor to the inverting terminal, grounds the non-inverting terminal, and has a feedback …
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A summing amplifier, or an adder, uses an operational amplifier to combine multiple input signals into a single output. Conversely, a difference …
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A difference amplifier containing a common and a difference-mode signal ideally amplifies only the difference-mode signal. However, in practical circuits, …
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Consider a car with cruise control using an op amp circuit to maintain a constant speed. This circuit employs the function of an op amp as an integrator …
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Operational Amplifiers can be connected in a cascade – one after another in linear sequence without altering their input-output relationships due to their …
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In an electrocardiography machine, electrodes detect small electrical changes on the skin resulting from heart muscle depolarization during each …
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A sound engineer at a music company faces a challenge. The output from their studio's newly acquired vintage mixing console is insufficient for modern …
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Scaling the number of measurable parameters, which allows for multidimensional data analysis and thus higher-confidence statistical results, has been the …
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In situ measurements of radio frequency (RF) spectrum activity provide insight into the physics of radio frequency wave propagation and validate existing …
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Red blood cells (RBCs) are known for their remarkable deformability. They repeatedly undergo considerable deformation when passing through the …