Split-Ubiquitin Based Membrane Yeast Two-Hybrid (MYTH) System: A Powerful Tool For Identifying Protein-Protein Interactions
Summary
MYTH allows the sensitive detection of transient and stable interactions between proteins that are expressed in the model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It has been successfully applied to study exogenous and yeast integral membrane proteins in order to identify their interacting partners in a high throughput manner.
Abstract
The fundamental biological and clinical importance of integral membrane proteins prompted the development of a yeast-based system for the high-throughput identification of protein-protein interactions (PPI) for full-length transmembrane proteins. To this end, our lab developed the split-ubiquitin based Membrane Yeast Two-Hybrid (MYTH) system. This technology allows for the sensitive detection of transient and stable protein interactions using Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a host organism. MYTH takes advantage of the observation that ubiquitin can be separated into two stable moieties: the C-terminal half of yeast ubiquitin (Cub) and the N-terminal half of the ubiquitin moiety (Nub). In MYTH, this principle is adapted for use as a ‘sensor’ of protein-protein interactions. Briefly, the integral membrane bait protein is fused to Cub which is linked to an artificial transcription factor. Prey proteins, either in individual or library format, are fused to the Nub moiety. Protein interaction between the bait and prey leads to reconstitution of the ubiquitin moieties, forming a full-length ‘pseudo-ubiquitin’ molecule. This molecule is in turn recognized by cytosolic deubiquitinating enzymes, resulting in cleavage of the transcription factor, and subsequent induction of reporter gene expression. The system is highly adaptable, and is particularly well-suited to high-throughput screening. It has been successfully employed to investigate interactions using integral membrane proteins from both yeast and other organisms.
Protocol
1. Background Information Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are the fundamental building blocks involved in governing all cellular processes. Consequently, it is essential that all interactions are tightly regulated in order to maintain cellular homeostasis, as a shift in this biological equilibrium commonly plays a role in disease and cancer cell transformation. Membrane associated proteins are amongst the most biologically important class of proteins as they can initiate complex signaling c…
Discussion
MYTH is the first high throughput system that allows the identification of interactions between full-length membrane proteins and cytosolic or membrane-bound partners. It has been used to study membrane protein from a range of organisms [3-7]. There are, however, specific details that may need to be scrutinized to ensure the protein-of-interest is amenable to study with MYTH.
Many membrane-bound proteins are directed to the plasma membrane via a signal sequence that is subsequently cleaved to…
Divulgations
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
We would like to thank Dawn Edmonds for a critical reading of this manuscript. The Stagljar lab is supported by funds from the Canadian Foundation for Innovation (CFI), the Canadian Institute for Health Research (CIHR), the Heart and Stroke Foundation, the Canadian Cancer Society, and Novartis.
Materials
| Material Name | Type | Company | Catalogue Number | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Polyethenlene Glycol (PEG3350) | Bioshop | PEG335 | ||
| Lithium Acetate Bihydrate | Bioshop | LIA001 | ||
| X-Gal (5-Bromo-4-Chloro-3-Indolyl-b-D-galactopyranoside) | Bioshop | XGA001 | ||
| N`,N-dimethyl formamide | Bioshop | DMF 451 | ||
| 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (3-AT) | Bioshop | ATT124 | ||
| Sodium phosphate dibasic | Bioshop | SPD307 | ||
| Sodium phosphate monobasic | FisherBiotech | BP329-500 | ||
| Salmon Sperm DNA | VWR | CA80601-120 | ||
| D-Glucose | Bioshop | GLU501 | ||
| LB Broth LENOX | Bioshop | LBL405 | ||
| Yeast Nitrogen Base | Bioshop | YNB406 | ||
| Yeast Extract | Bioshop | YEX401 | ||
| Peptone | Beckton Dickinson | 211677 | ||
| Bio-Tryptone | Bioshop | TRP402 | ||
| Adenine Sulphate | Bioshop | ADS201 | ||
| L-Uracil | Bioshop | URA241 | ||
| L-Threonine | Bioshop | THR002 | ||
| L-Histidine | Bioshop | HIS200 | ||
| L-Methionine | Bioshop | MET222 | ||
| L-Valine | Bioshop | VAL201 | ||
| L-Phenylalanine | Bioshop | PHA302 | ||
| L-Isoleucine | Bioshop | ISO910 | ||
| L-Tyrosine | Bioshop | TYR333 | ||
| L-Leucine | Bioshop | LEU222 | ||
| L-Arginine | Bioshop | ARG006 | ||
| L-Tryptophane | FisherBiotech | BP395-100 | ||
| L-Lysine | Bioshop | LYS101 | ||
| L-Alanine | FisherBiotech | BP369-100 | ||
| Agar | Bioshop | AGR001 | ||
| Soda Lime Galss Beads | BioSpec Product | 11079105 | ||
| Sodium Chloride | Bioshop | SLD002 |
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Citer Cet Article
Snider, J., Kittanakom, S., Curak, J., Stagljar, I. Split-Ubiquitin Based Membrane Yeast Two-Hybrid (MYTH) System: A Powerful Tool For Identifying Protein-Protein Interactions. J. Vis. Exp. (36), e1698, doi:10.3791/1698 (2010).