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Summary
Abstract
Protocol
Discussion
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Medicine

Utilizing Transcranial magnetisk stimulation til at studere menneskelige neuromuskulære system

Published: January 20, 2012
doi:
10.3791/3387
, ,
1Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute (OMNI) and the Department of Biomedical Sciences,Ohio University

Summary

Transkraniel magnetisk stimulation (TMS) er en non-invasiv redskab til at få indsigt i fysiologi og funktion af det menneskelige nervesystem. Her præsenterer vi vores TMS teknikker til at studere kortikale ophidselse af overekstremiteterne og lumbal muskulatur.

Abstract

Transkraniel magnetisk stimulation (TMS) har været i brug i mere end 20 år 1, og er vokset eksponentielt i popularitet i løbet af det seneste årti. Mens brugen af ​​TMS har udvidet til studiet af mange systemer og processer i denne periode, den oprindelige ansøgning og måske en af ​​de mest almindelige anvendelser af TMS indebærer at studere fysiologi, plasticitet og funktion af menneskets neuromuskulære system. Enkelt puls TMS anvendes på den motoriske hjernebark ophidser pyramideneuroner neuroner transsynaptically 2 (figur 1) og resulterer i en målbar elektromyografisk respons, der kan bruges til at studere og evaluere integritet og ophidselse af de corticospinal tarmkanalen hos mennesker 3. Derudover seneste fremskridt inden for magnetisk stimulation giver nu mulighed for opdeling af cortex versus spinal excitabilitet 4,5. For eksempel kan parret-puls TMS anvendes til at vurdere intracortical facilitatory og hæmmende egenskaber ved at kombinere en betingelseING stimulus og en test stimulus på forskellige interstimulus intervaller 3,4,6-8. I denne video artikel vil vi demonstrere metodiske og tekniske aspekter af disse teknikker. Konkret vil vi demonstrere single-puls og parret-puls TMS teknikker, som anvendes på flexor carpi radialis (FCR) muskler samt erector spinae (ES) muskulatur. Vores laboratorieundersøgelser af FCR musklen, da det er af interesse for vores forskning om virkningerne af håndleds-hånd støbt immobilisering på nedsat muskel præstationer 6,9, og vi studerer ES muskler på grund af disse muskler klinisk relevans, da den vedrører lændesmerter 8. Med dette sagt, må vi konstatere, at TMS er blevet brugt til at studere mange muskler i hånd, arm og ben, og skal gentage, at vores demonstrationer i FCR og ES muskelgrupper kun er udvalgte eksempler på TMS bliver brugt til at studere menneskets neuromuskulære system.

Protocol

1. Enkelt og Forbundne-Pulse TMS af FCR og ES Muskler Grundlæggende Sikkerhedsforanstaltninger: Før udførelse af TMS på et menneske emne er det nødvendigt at første skærm dem for grundlæggende sikkerhedsforanstaltninger som den vedrører at være udsat for et magnetfelt. I vores laboratorium følger vi screeningen retningslinjerne, som beskrevet af Institut for Magnetic Resonance sikkerhed, uddannelse og forskning 10. I vores laboratorium har vi også rutinemæssigt udelukk…

Discussion

Det overordnede mål med denne artikel er at give forskere og klinikere en visuel højde for vores laboratorier brug af transkraniel magnetisk stimulation. Men ud over at give en visualisering af disse eksperimenter, herunder vi diskutere grundlæggende spørgsmål at overveje, når du udfører TMS på denne måde, giver en kort oversigt over fysiologi TMS svar, og også diskutere vores brug af TMS med hensyn til brugen af andre.

Generelle spørgsmål at være opmærksom på, når Udfører TMS …

Disclosures

The authors have nothing to disclose.

Acknowledgements

Dette arbejde blev finansieret delvist af en bevilling fra Osteopatisk Heritage Foundations til BC Clark. Vi vil gerne angive en særlig tak til Marissa McGinley for hendes hjælp med at skabe mange af figuren grafik.

Materials

Name of the Equipment Company Catalogue number Comments (optional)
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulator 2002
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulator Bi-Stim2
Figure-Eight 70-mm coil
Double Cone Coil		 The Magstim Company NA TMS equipment (including coils)
Biodex System 4 Biodex NA Dynamometer
Biopac MP150 Data Acquisition System Biopac MP150WSW A-D converter for EMG and force
AcqKnowledge 4.0 Data acquisition software Biopac ACK100W  
Nikomed Trace 1 ECG electrodes Nikomed 2015 EMG electrodes
Constant Current Stimulator Digitimer DS7A Peripheral nerve stimulator
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Tags

Transcranial Magnetic StimulationTMSHuman Neuromuscular SystemPyramidal NeuronsElectromyographic ResponseCorticospinal TractIntracortical Facilitatory And Inhibitory PropertiesFlexor Carpi RadialisErector SpinaeWrist-hand Cast Immobilization
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Goss, D. A., Hoffman, R. L., Clark, B. C. Utilizing Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation to Study the Human Neuromuscular System. J. Vis. Exp. (59), e3387, doi:10.3791/3387 (2012).
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