Storstilet Registrering af neuroner ved Flytbare Silicon Probes at opføre sig Gnavere
Summary
Vi beskriver metoder til storstilet registrering af flere enkelte enheder og lokale felt potentiale i at opføre gnavere med silicium sonder. Drive fabrikation, probe tilknytning til drevet og sonde implanterings processer er illustreret i tilstrækkelige oplysninger til let replikation.
Abstract
En stor udfordring i neurovidenskab linker adfærd til fælles aktivitet af neurale forsamlinger. Forståelse af input-output relationer af neuroner og kredsløb kræver metoder med den rumlige selektivitet og tidsmæssige opløsning, der passer til mekanistisk analyse af neurale ensembler i at opføre sig dyret, dvs optagelse af repræsentativt store prøver af isolerede enkelte neuroner. Ensemble overvågning af neuronal aktivitet har udviklet sig markant i det seneste årti i både små og store brained dyr, herunder forsøgspersoner 1-11. Multiple-site-optagelse med silicium-baserede enheder er særligt effektive på grund af deres skalerbarhed, lille volumen og geometriske udformning.
Her beskriver vi metoder til registrering af flere enkelte neuroner og lokale felt potentiale i at opføre gnavere, ved hjælp af kommercielt tilgængelige mikrobearbejdet silicium sonder med skræddersyede tilbehørskomponenter. Der er to grundlæggende muligheder feller er koblet silicium sonder til forforstærkere: printkort og fleksible kabler. Probe forsyningsselskaber ( http://www.neuronexustech.com/ , http://www.sbmicrosystems.com/ , http://www.acreo.se/ ) normalt giver det sammenbindende service og levere prober bundet til printplader eller fleksible ledninger. Her beskriver vi implantation af en 4-skaft, 32-site probe bundet til en fleksibel polyimid kabel, og monteret på en bevægelig mikrodrev. Hvert trin af proben præparatet er mikrodrev konstruktion og operation er illustreret, så at slutbrugeren kan let replikere processen.
Protocol
Discussion
Denne film illustrerer implantation proceduren for silicium sonder til kroniske store optagelser i opfører rotten. Kritiske skridt til at sikre kvalitet optagelser af neuronal aktivitet skyldes skrøbeligheden af både biologisk (hjernevæv) og tekniske (silicium sonde) materialer. Særlig omhu bør tages under håndtering af proben for at undgå kontakt af halsene med nogen afstand "hård" overflade (for eksempel ville skafterne bryde, hvis man forsøgte at implantere dem i hjernen uden at fjerne dura)…
Divulgations
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
Marie Curie International Outgoing Fellowship (Europæiske Unions FP/2007-2013 tilskudsaftalerne # 221834 og 254780), JD McDonnell Foundation, NSF Grant SBE 0542013, National Institutes of Health Grant NS034994, National Institute of Mental Health Grant MH5467 og Howard Hughes Medical Institute (Janelia Farm Research Campus tilskud).
Materials
| Name | Type | Company | Catalog Number | Comments |
| Silicon probe Buzsaki32, 4 shanks x 8 sites. Packaging: flexible polyamide cable | Material | NeuroNexus | Probe: buzsaki32 Packaging: HC32 |
Recording probe |
| Round Brass Screw, 00-90 x 1/2 Round Brass Screws | Material | JIMorris | R0090B500 | Drive part |
| Brass Hex Nut, 00-90 | Material | JIMorris | N0090B | Drive part |
| Brass C260 Strip, ASTM-B36 Thickness: 0.025″, Length: 12″, Width: 1/2″ |
Material | Small Parts | B000FMYU72 | Drive part |
| Connector Header, pitch 2mm, male, single row, straigt, 36 positions | Material | Digikey | 2163S-36-ND | Drive part |
| 2-part Sylgard silicon Elastomer | Material | World Precision Instruments | SYLG184 | To extra-insulate the probe |
| Decon Contrad 70 Liquid Detergent | Reagent | Fisher Scientific | 04-355 Decon Laboratories No.:1002 |
To clean the recording sites |
| Impedance Conditioning Module | Equipment | FHC Inc. | 55-70-0 | Impedance meter |
| niPOD – 32 channels | Equipment | Neuronexus | niPOD -32 | Impedance meter |
| Grip Cement Industrial Grade | Material | Caulk Dentsply | 675571 (powder) 675572 (solvent) |
Grip cement |
| 1,1′-dioctadecyl-3,3,3′,3′-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate (‘DiI’; DiIC18(3)) | Reagent | Invitrogen | D282 | To stain the probe track in the brain |
| Stainless Steel Machine Screw, Binding Head, Slotted Drive, #00-90, 1/8″ | Material | Small Parts | MX-0090-02B | Ground and reference screws |
| Magnet wire, 20G, nylon-polyurethane coating, MW80 | Material | Small Parts | B000IJYRP2 | Ground and reference wire |
| Stainless Steel Machine Screw, Binding Head Slotted Drive, #000-120, 1/16″ | Material | Small Parts | MX-000120-01B | Anchor screws |
| N-3 All purpose Flux Liquid | Reagent | La-Co (Markal) | 23512 | Allows to solder stainless-steel |
| MicroGrid Precision Expanded Copper | Material | Dexmet | 3 CU6-050 FA | Copper mesh for on-head Faraday cage |
| C&B-METABOND Quick! Cement System – Dentin Activator | Material | Parkell | S380 | |
| C&B-METABOND Quick! Cement System – Dental cement | Material | Parkell | S380 | |
| Sharp point tungsten needle and holder | Tool | Roboz Surgical instruments | RS-6064 and RS-6061 | To make the hook to lift the dura |
| Carbide Bur HP 1/4 | Tool | Henry Schein | 9990013 | |
| Paraffin (Granules) | Material | Fisher Scientific | P31-500 | |
| Mineral Oil, Light (NF/FCC) | Material | Fisher Scientific | O121-1 | |
| GC ELECTRONICS 10-114 2-Part Epoxy Adhesive | Material | Newark | 00Z416 | |
| Type 1 LITZ 21 AWG 40/36 Red Single Polyurethane-Nylon (MW80-C) TO 0.041″+/-0.002″ OD | Material | New England Wire Technologies Corporation | N28-36E-400-2 | To make the cable between the headstage and the amplifier |
| 32-channel Very Large Scale Integration headstage, 20x gain | Equipment | Plexon | HST/32V-G20 | Headstage |
References
- Buzsáki, G. High-frequency network oscillation in the hippocampus. Science. 256, 1025-1027 (1992).
- Wilson, M. A., McNaughton, B. L. Dynamics of the hippocampal ensemble code for space. Science. 261, 1055-1058 (1993).
- Buzsáki, G. Large-scale recording of neuronal ensembles. Nat. Neurosci. 7, 446-451 (2004).
- Buzsáki, G. Visualizing Large-Scale Patterns of Activity in the Brain: Optical and Electrical Signals. Society for Neuroscience. , (2004).
- Nicolelis, M. A. L. . Methods for Neural Ensemble Recordings. , (2008).
- Hatsopoulos, N. G., Donoghue, J. P. The science of neural interface systems. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 32, 249-266 (2009).
- Battaglia, F. P. The Lantern: an ultra-light micro-drive for multi-tetrode recordings in mice and other small animals. J. Neurosci. Methods. 178, 291-300 (2009).
- Kloosterman, F., Davidson, T. J. Micro-drive Array for Chronic in vivo Recording: Drive Fabrication. J. Vis. Exp. 26, e1094-e1094 (2009).
- Nguyen, D. P., Layton, S. P. Micro-drive Array for Chronic in vivo Recording: Tetrode Assembly. J. Vis. Exp. (26), e1098-e1098 (2009).
- Haiss, F., Butovas, S., Schwarz, C. A miniaturized chronic microelectrode drive for awake behaving head restrained mice and rats. J. Neurosci. Methods. 187, 67-72 (2010).
- Cerf, M. On-line, voluntary control of human temporal lobe neurons. Nature. 467, 1104-1108 (2010).
- Kohn, D. F. Anesthesia and Analgesia in Laboratory Animals. American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine. series, (1997).
- Schjetnan, A. G. P., Luczak, A. Recording Large-scale Neuronal Ensembles with Silicon Probes in the Anesthetized Rat. J. Vis. Exp. (56), e3282-e3282 (2011).
- Paxinos, G., Watson, C. The Rat Brain. Stereotaxic Coordinates. , (1982).
- Harris, K. D. Accuracy of tetrode spike separation as determined by simultaneous intracellular and extracellular measurements. J. Neurophysiol. 84, 401-414 (2000).
- Hazan, L., Zugaro, M., Buzsáki, G. Klusters, NeuroScope, NDManager: a Free Software Suite for Neurophysiological Data Processing and Visualization. J. Neurosci. Methods. 155, 207-216 (2006).
- Kipke, D. R. Advanced neurotechnologies for chronic neural interfaces: new horizons and clinical opportunities. J. Neurosci. 28, 11830-11838 (2008).
- Csicsvari, J. Massively parallel recording of unit and local field potentials with silicon-based electrodes. J. Neurophysiol. 90, 1314-1323 (2003).
- Sodagar, A. M., Wise, K. D., Najafi, K. A fully integrated mixed-signal neural processor for implantable multichannel cortical recording. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 54, 1075-1088 (2007).
- O’Connor, D. H., Huber, D., Svoboda, K. Reverse engineering the mouse brain. Nature. 461, 923-929 (2009).
- Boyden, E. S. Millisecond-timescale, genetically targeted optical control of neural activity. Nat. Neurosci. 8, 1263-1268 (2005).
- Zhang, F. Circuit-breakers: optical technologies for probing neural signals and systems. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 8, 577-581 (2007).
- Royer, S. Multi-array silicon probes with integrated optical fibers: light-assisted perturbation and recording of local neural circuits in the behaving animal. Eur. J. Neurosci. 31, 2279-2291 (2010).
