के लिए सरल microfluidic उपकरणों<em> Vivo में</em> इमेजिंग<em> सी. एलिगेंस</em><em> ड्रोसोफिला</em> और Zebrafish
Summary
एक सरल युक्ति microfluidic चतनाशून्य करनेवाली औषधि मुफ्त प्रदर्शन करने के लिए विकसित किया गया है<em> Vivo में</em> इमेजिंग<em> सी. एलिगेंस</em> बरकरार,<em> ड्रोसोफिला</em> लार्वा और zebrafish लार्वा. इस उपकरण में एक deformable PDMS इन मॉडल जीवों स्थिर क्रम में दिल की धड़कन, कोशिका विभाजन और उप सेलुलर neuronal परिवहन जैसे कई प्रक्रियाओं के समय चूक इमेजिंग प्रदर्शन झिल्ली का उपयोग किया जाता है. हम इस उपकरण के उपयोग का प्रदर्शन और दिखाने के अलग मॉडल प्रणाली से एकत्र किए गए आंकड़ों के विभिन्न प्रकार के उदाहरण हैं.
Abstract
Micro fabricated fluidic devices provide an accessible micro-environment for in vivo studies on small organisms. Simple fabrication processes are available for microfluidic devices using soft lithography techniques 1-3. Microfluidic devices have been used for sub-cellular imaging 4,5, in vivo laser microsurgery 2,6 and cellular imaging 4,7. In vivo imaging requires immobilization of organisms. This has been achieved using suction 5,8, tapered channels 6,7,9, deformable membranes 2-4,10, suction with additional cooling 5, anesthetic gas 11, temperature sensitive gels 12, cyanoacrylate glue 13 and anesthetics such as levamisole 14,15. Commonly used anesthetics influence synaptic transmission 16,17 and are known to have detrimental effects on sub-cellular neuronal transport 4. In this study we demonstrate a membrane based poly-dimethyl-siloxane (PDMS) device that allows anesthetic free immobilization of intact genetic model organisms such as Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), Drosophila larvae and zebrafish larvae. These model organisms are suitable for in vivo studies in microfluidic devices because of their small diameters and optically transparent or translucent bodies. Body diameters range from ~10 μm to ~800 μm for early larval stages of C. elegans and zebrafish larvae and require microfluidic devices of different sizes to achieve complete immobilization for high resolution time-lapse imaging. These organisms are immobilized using pressure applied by compressed nitrogen gas through a liquid column and imaged using an inverted microscope. Animals released from the trap return to normal locomotion within 10 min.
We demonstrate four applications of time-lapse imaging in C. elegans namely, imaging mitochondrial transport in neurons, pre-synaptic vesicle transport in a transport-defective mutant, glutamate receptor transport and Q neuroblast cell division. Data obtained from such movies show that microfluidic immobilization is a useful and accurate means of acquiring in vivo data of cellular and sub-cellular events when compared to anesthetized animals (Figure 1J and 3C-F 4).
Device dimensions were altered to allow time-lapse imaging of different stages of C. elegans, first instar Drosophila larvae and zebrafish larvae. Transport of vesicles marked with synaptotagmin tagged with GFP (syt.eGFP) in sensory neurons shows directed motion of synaptic vesicle markers expressed in cholinergic sensory neurons in intact first instar Drosophila larvae. A similar device has been used to carry out time-lapse imaging of heartbeat in ~30 hr post fertilization (hpf) zebrafish larvae. These data show that the simple devices we have developed can be applied to a variety of model systems to study several cell biological and developmental phenomena in vivo.
Protocol
Representative Results
Discussion
PDMS microfluidic उपकरणों ऑप्टिकली पारदर्शी है इसलिए किसी भी मॉडल / पारदर्शी पारदर्शी जीव के vivo इमेजिंग में उच्च संकल्प के लिए इस्तेमाल किया जा सकता हैं. हमारे डिजाइन बरकरार जीवित पशुओं में सेलुलर और उप से?…
Divulgations
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
We thank Dr. Krishanu Ray for Drosophila stocks, Tarjani Agarwal for maintaining a Drosophila cage, Peter Juo for nuIs25 and CGC for C. elegans strains. SPK made jsIs609 in Michael Nonet’s laboratory. We thank Arpan Agnihotri (BITS Pilani) for his help in time-lapse imaging of mitochondria transport of jsIs609 animals in microfluidic devices. We are grateful to Dr. Vatsala Thirumalai and Surya Prakash for providing us with zebrafish embryos. We thank Dr. Krishna and CIFF at NCBS for use of the spinning disc confocal microscope supported by the Department of Science and Technology- Centre for Nanotechnology (No. SR/55/NM-36-2005). We also thank Kaustubh Rau, V. Venkatraman and Chetana Sachidanand for discussions. This work was funded by the DBT post-doctoral fellowship (S.M.), DST fast-track scheme (S.M.) and a DBT grant to (S.P.K.). S.A. was supported by DST and CSIR grants to SPK.
Materials
| Name of the reagent | Company | Catalogue number | Comments (optional) |
| Silicon wafers | University wafer | 150 mm (100) Mech Grade SSP Si | |
| Clewin Software | WieWeb software | Version 2.90 | |
| Laser plotter | Fine Line Imaging | 65,024 DPI | |
| HMDS | Sigma-Aldrich | 440191-100ML | |
| SU8 | Microchem | SU8-2025, SU8-2050 | |
| Developer | Microchem | SU8 Developer | |
| Silane | Sigma-Aldrich | 448931-10G | |
| PDMS | Dow corning | Sylgard 184 | |
| UV lamp | Oriel | 66943 | 200W Hg Oriel Light |
| Hot air oven | Ultra Instruments | Custom made | Set at 50 °C |
| Hot plate | IKA Laboratory Equipment | 3810000 | http://www.ika.com |
| Plasma cleaner | Harrick Plasma | PDC-32G | |
| Spinner | Semiconductor Production Systems | SPIN150-NPP | www.SPS-Europe.com |
| Glass cover slip | Gold Seal | 22 X 22 mm, No. 1 thickness | |
| C. elegans | Caenorhabditis Genetics Center (CGC) | e1265, ayIs4 | |
| Drosophila | Bloomington | P{chaGAL4}/cyo, UAS-syt.eGFP | |
| Zebrafish | Indian wild type | Wild type | |
| Tygon tube | Sigma | Z279803 | |
| Micro needle | Sigma | Z118044 | Cut into 1 cm pieces |
| 3-way stopcock | Sigma | S7521 | |
| Harris puncher | Sigma | Z708631 | |
| Compressed nitrogen gas | Local Gas supplier | Use a regulator to control the pressure | |
| Stereo microscope | Nikon | SMZ645 | |
| Confocal microscope | Andor & Olympus | Yokogawa spinning disc confocal microscope | |
| ImageJ | National Institutes of Health | www.rsbweb.nih.gov/ij | Java based image processing program |
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