Новый метод культуры и поляризованный Стимуляция кишечника человека Экспланты Слизистая
Summary
Введем новый способ поддержания человеческого слизистой оболочки кишечника в культуре и мониторинг ответ на различные типы стимулов по меньшей мере, 24 часов. С помощью нашего метода, полярность ткани сохраняется, что позволяет физиологический стимуляции через апикальную маршрута.
Abstract
Few models currently exist to realistically simulate the complex human intestine’s micro-environment, where a variety of interactions take place. Proper homeostasis directly depends on these interactions, as they shape an entire immunological response inducing tolerance against food antigens while at the same time mounting effective immune responses against pathogenic microbes accidentally ingested with food.
Intestinal homeostasis is preserved also through various complex interactions between the microbiota (including food-associated beneficial bacterial strains) and the host, that regulate the attachment/degradation of mucus, the production of antimicrobial peptides by the epithelial barrier, and the “education” of epithelial cells’ that controls the tolerogenic or immunogenic phenotype of unique, gut-resident lymphoid cells’ populations. These interactions have been so far very difficult to reproduce with in vitro assays using either cultured cell lines or peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In addition, mouse models differ substantially in components of the intestinal mucosa (mucus layer organization, commensal bacteria community) with respect to the human gut. Thus, studies of a variety of treatments to be brought in the clinics for important stress-related or pathological conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease or colorectal cancer have been difficult to carry out.
To address these issues, we developed a novel system that enables us to stimulate explants of human intestinal mucosa that retain their in situ conditioning by the host microbiota and immune response, in a polarized fashion. Polarized apical stimulation is of great importance for the outcome of the elicited immune response. It has been repeatedly shown that the same stimuli can produce completely different responses when they bypass the apical face of the intestinal epithelium, stimulating epithelial cells basolaterally or coming into direct contact with lamina propria components, switching the phenotype from tolerogenic to immunogenic and causing unnecessary and excessive inflammation in the area.
We achieved polarized stimulation by gluing a cave cylinder which delimited the area of stimulation on the apical face of the mucosa as will be described in the protocol. We used this model to examine, among others, differential effects of three different Lactobacilli strains. We show that this model system is very powerful to assess the immunomodulatory properties of probiotics in healthy and disease conditions.
Protocol
Representative Results
Discussion
Потребность в физиологически значимых моделей, на которых лечение человека слизистой кишечника может быть обоснованно испытания уже давно было подчеркнуто. Многие исследователи определили потенциальные артефактов и дефектов в обеих клеточных 5 и 6 моделей мышей до сих по?…
Divulgations
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
Мы благодарим Эрика Милети за отличную техническую поддержку и д-р Антонио Ди Sabatino для обеспечения кислородом камер.
Финансирование: Эта работа была поддержана грантами от седьмой рамочной программы ЕС (IBDase, ERC: Dendroworld) и Фонд Cariplo к MR и поддержке Марии Кюри международной мобильности обучения сети (перекрестные помехи, соглашение о гранте №: 21553-2), чтобы KT.
Materials
| Regeant | Company | Catalog No. | |
| Reagents | |||
| 10X HBSS | Eurocalne | ECM4006XL | |
| Peni/Strepto | Lonza | DE17602E | |
| Gentamycin | Gibco | 15750-037 | |
| DMEM | Lonza | BE12614 | |
| FBS-Na | Gibco | 16000-044 | |
| 100X ITS-X | Gibco | 51500-056 | |
| EGF | Tebu-bio | 100-15 | |
| L-Glutamine | Lonza | BE17605E | |
| Non essential aminoacids 100X | Gibco | 11140-035 | |
| NaPyr | Gibco | 11360-039 | |
| Materials | |||
| Cloning cylinders 6×8 mm | BellCo | 2090-00608 | |
| Cloning cylinders 8×8 mm | BellCo | 2090-0080 | |
| Cloning cylinders 10×10 mm | BellCo | 2090-01010 | |
| Metal grids | Home made | ||
| Centre well organ culture plate | BD Falcon | 353037 | |
| Surgical glue (Vetbond) | 3M | 1469SB | |
| Oxygen Jars | Home made | ||
| Oxygen tanks | Air Liquid Sanità |
References
- Schuller, S., Lucas, M., Kaper, J. B., Giron, J. A., Phillips, A. D. The ex vivo response of human intestinal mucosa to enteropathogenic Escherichia coli infection. Cell. Microbiol. 11, 521-530 (2009).
- Tsilingiri, K., et al. Probiotic and postbiotic activity in health and disease: comparison on a novel polarised ex-vivo organ culture model. Gut. , (2012).
- Tsilingiri, K., Rescigno, M. Should probiotics be tested on ex vivo organ culture models?. Gut Microbes. , (2012).
- Mileti, E., Matteoli, G., Iliev, I. D., Rescigno, M. Comparison of the immunomodulatory properties of three probiotic strains of Lactobacilli using complex culture systems: prediction for in vivo efficacy. PLoS One. 4, e7056 (2009).
- Cencic, A., Langerholc, T. Functional cell models of the gut and their applications in food microbiology–a review. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 141, S4-S14 (2010).
- te Velde, A. A., Verstege, M. A., Hommes, D. W. Critical appraisal of the current practice in murine TNBS-induced colitis. Inflamm. Bowel Dis. 12, 995-999 (2006).
- Senior, P. V., Pritchett, C. J., Sunter, J. P., Appleton, D. R., Watson, A. J. Crypt regeneration in adult human colonic mucosa during prolonged organ culture. J. Anat. 134, 459-469 (1982).
- Browning, T. H., Trier, J. S. Organ culture of mucosal biopsies of human small intestine. J. Clin. Invest. 48, 1423-1432 (1969).
- Besselink, M. G., et al. Probiotic prophylaxis in predicted severe acute pancreatitis: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 371, 651-659 (2008).
- Lakhdari, O., et al. Identification of NF-kappaB modulation capabilities within human intestinal commensal bacteria. J. Biomed. Biotechnol. 2011, 282356 (2011).
