Серийный обогащению сперматогониальные стволовых и клеток-предшественников (SSC) в культуре Вывод Долгосрочные взрослых мышей линии Юг-Юг

Summary

Простой метод для получения и поддержания сперматогониальные ствола и линии клеток-предшественников из взрослых мышей представлена ​​здесь. Метод использует фидерных клеток, происходящих из отсека соматической клетки взрослой семенников мышей. Этот метод применим к общим линий мышей, в том числе трансгенных, нокаут, и забивные мышей.

Abstract

Spermatogonial stem and progenitor cells (SSCs) of the testis represent a classic example of adult mammalian stem cells and preserve fertility for nearly the lifetime of the animal. While the precise mechanisms that govern self-renewal and differentiation in vivo are challenging to study, various systems have been developed previously to propagate murine SSCs in vitro using a combination of specialized culture media and feeder cells^1-3.

Most in vitro forays into the biology of SSCs have derived cell lines from neonates, possibly due to the difficulty in obtaining adult cell lines⁴. However, the testis continues to mature up until ~5 weeks of age in most mouse strains. In the early post-natal period, dramatic changes occur in the architecture of the testis and in the biology of both somatic and spermatogenic cells, including alterations in expression levels of numerous stem cell-related genes. Therefore, neonatally-derived SSC lines may not fully recapitulate the biology of adult SSCs that persist after the adult testis has reached a steady state.

Several factors have hindered the production of adult SSC lines historically. First, the proportion of functional stem cells may decrease during adulthood, either due to intrinsic or extrinsic factors^5,6. Furthermore, as with other adult stem cells, it has been difficult to enrich SSCs sufficiently from total adult testicular cells without using a combination of immunoselection or other sorting strategies⁷. Commonly employed strategies include the use of cryptorchid mice as a source of donor cells due to a higher ratio of stem cells to other cell types⁸. Based on the hypothesis that removal of somatic cells from the initial culture disrupts interactions with the stem cell niche that are essential for SSC survival, we previously developed methods to derive adult lines that do not require immunoselection or cryptorchid donors but rather employ serial enrichment of SSCs in culture, referred to hereafter as SESC^2,3.

The method described below entails a simple procedure for deriving adult SSC lines by dissociating adult donor seminiferous tubules, followed by plating of cells on feeders comprised of a testicular stromal cell line (JK1)³. Through serial passaging, strongly adherent, contaminating non-germ cells are depleted from the culture with concomitant enrichment of SSCs. Cultures produced in this manner contain a mixture of spermatogonia at different stages of differentiation, which contain SSCs, based on long-term self renewal capability. The crux of the SESC method is that it enables SSCs to make the difficult transition from self-renewal in vivo to long-term self-renewal in vitro in a radically different microenvironment, produces long-term SSC lines, free of contaminating somatic cells, and thereby enables subsequent experimental manipulation of SSCs.

Protocol

1. Подготовка фидерных клеток Отметим, что все реагенты, описанные ниже, должны быть подготовлены в стерильной одежды (см. таблицы 1 и 2). Этот протокол использует JK1 клеточной линии (Cell Biolabs, Inc каталог # CBA-315) в качестве питателей, которая является производно…

Representative Results

Появление прохождения нуля дикого типа, взрослый SSC колонии через 7 дней показано на рисунке 1. Трехмерная колонии состоят из слоя плоских клеток, прикрепленных к фидеров или подчиненного внеклеточного матрикса, сданный на хранение фидеров с несколькими слоями КСЭ, растущий на…

Discussion

Этот способ для получения взрослого КСЭ использовании семенников взрослых клеток, полученных из питателя является надежной и удалось, когда общий генетический фон (например, FVB, C57BL6 и смешанных 129SV/C57Bl/6) и различные мутантные штаммы были заняты ^2,3,7,14. В самом деле, микросреда с?…

Materials

Name of Reagent/ Material	Company	Catalog Number	Comments
DMEM	Corning	10-013	Diluent for dissociation buffer
Trypsin/EDTA	Mediatech	25-051-CI
Stem cell base medium (StemPro-34)	Life Technologies	10639-011	Requires supplementation as per Shinohara et al. (2003)*
Stem cell medium supplements	various	see Table 3	Requires supplementation as per Shinohara et al. (2003)*
JK1 cells	Cell Biolabs, Inc.	CBA-315	Can substitute with adult testicular stromal cells as per Seandel et al. (2007)
mitomycin-C (CAUTION)	Sigma-Aldrich	M4287	Toxic; Handle with care.
Gelatin	Sigma-Aldrich	G1890	0.4% solution in water
EVOS xl digital inverted microscope	Advanced Microscopy Group	–
			Table 1. Specific reagents and equipment. *See Table 3
DMEM	Corning	10-013	Diluent for dissociation buffer
trypsin (1:250)	Life Technologies	27250-018	Dissociation buffer: Final 0.05% wt/vol
collagenase, type I, 235 U/ml	Worthington	CLS1 235	Dissociation buffer: Final 0.03% wt/vol
DNAse I	Sigma-Aldrich	DN25	Dissociation buffer: Final 80 U/ml
bovine serum albumin	ICP Bio	ABRE-100g	Dissociation buffer: Final 0.5% wt/vol
			Table 2. Dissociation buffer
StemPro-34 SFM	Life Technologies	10639-011
StemPro-34 Nutrient supplement	Life Technologies	10639-011
Additional supplements**
Non-essential amino acids	Sigma-Aldrich	M7145	1X
MEM Vitamin solution	Life Technologies	11120-052	1X
L-glutamine	Mediatech	25-005	2 mM
bovine serum albumin	ICP Bio	ABRE	0.50%
Antibiotic-Antimycotic Solution	Mediatech	30-004-CI	1X
D(+)glucose	Sigma-Aldrich	G8769	6 mg/ml
β-estradiol	Sigma-Aldrich	E2758	30 ng/ml
progesterone	Calbiochem	5341	60 ng/ml
fetal bovine serum	variable	n/a	1%
bovine holo-transferrin	Sigma-Aldrich	T1283	100 μg/ml
insulin	Gemini Bio-Products	700-112P	25 μg/ml
human GDNF	Life Technologies	PHC7041	10 ng/ml
human bFGF	Life Technologies	PHG0023	10 ng/ml
mouse EGF	Life Technologies	PHG0313	20 ng/ml
putrescine	Research Organics	0778P	60 μM
sodium Selenite	Sigma-Aldrich	S5261	30 nM
pyruvic acid	Alfa Aesar	A13875	30 μg/ml
DL-lactic acid	J.T. Baker	0196-04	1 μg/ml
β-mercaptoethanol	Life Technologies	21985-023	50 μM
ascorbic acid	Sigma-Aldrich	A4544	100 μM
D-biotin	Sigma-Aldrich	B4639	10 μg/ml
			Table 3. Stem cell medium
			*Note: Add supplements below before using medium. Filter sterilize and keep it at 4 °C. The medium is stable for at least 2 weeks.
			**We have employed different manufacturers, formulations, and/or lot numbers of these reagents without any apparent deleterious effects. In general, cell culture grade reagents should be employed.