触觉空调和取样策略在蜜蜂触角的运动分析（<em>蜜蜂</em> L.）
Summary
在这个协议中，我们展示了如何驾驭的条件蜜蜂的触觉刺激和引进的2D动作捕捉技术的运动学分析精细尺度的触角采样模式。
Abstract
蜜蜂（ 蜜蜂 L.）是典型的社会性昆虫，其复杂的劳动分工和联想学习能力1，2众所周知的。工蜂花上半年在昏暗的蜂巢，他们的生活，他们是护士的幼虫或建设正六边形梳子食品（ 如花粉或花蜜）和育雏3。非凡的多感官触角，触角和各种触觉介导的任务，包括蜂巢5号楼和模式识别6中发挥了举足轻重的作用。以后在生活中，每个单一蜜蜂离开蜂巢饲料，用于食品。然后，一只蜜蜂学习歧视有利可图的食物来源，记住它们的位置，并将其传达到它的巢队友7。蜜蜂用不同的花卉信号，如颜色或气味，7，8，但也有触觉线索，从花瓣表面形成多感官记忆的食物来源。在实验室的合作的条件，蜜蜂可以训练，学习模式食欲，区分触觉的物体的特征，如边缘或沟槽，其触角10日，11日，12日，13。这种学习模式是密切相关的经典嗅觉空调的长鼻延伸反应（PER）的利用，蜜蜂14。在实验室中的触觉学习范式的优点是将与各种生理测量，包括触角的运动模式的分析，对学习行为实验相结合的可能性。
Protocol
1。准备蜜蜂花蜜或花粉觅食，被发现在该领域无论是从蔗糖进纸器或直接从蜂巢入口，而返回的觅食之旅。每一个单一的蜜蜂被捕获到的玻璃小瓶，用泡沫插件进入实验室作进一步处理，并立即采取关闭。 在实验室中，捕获的蜜蜂进行了简要冷却冰箱在4°C不动，直到他们首先显示的迹象。 每个单一的固定化蜜蜂被安装在一个小的金属管与粘合带之间的头部和胸部和腹部上?…
Representative Results
在下面的实验中，我们研究了，触觉学习如何在蜜蜂的行为影响触角采样。对于这一点，我们监测的天真和空调蜜蜂触角尖端之前和期间提交的触觉刺激的运动。 首先，自发触角花粉觅食一组（N = 42）的运动记录，持续1分钟。蜜蜂的二分之一（N = 21），然后，空调的配对5次用30％的蔗糖的奖励的触觉刺激。这是空调基。触觉刺激是30×50毫米的黄铜表面的立方体，一个刻有的?…
Discussion
蜜蜂制备：收集和固定的蜜蜂应该迅速完成，以保持动物的低应力水平。应激反应的影响，因此，可能有间接影响的学习表现在蜜蜂19，20。的应力水平可以降低由放置玻璃小瓶，与直接在冰上的蜜蜂采集后立即迅速固定它们。必须加以考虑，蜜蜂需要更多的时间来恢复麻醉期间之前的时间越长。
视觉触觉学习有负面影响，在蜜蜂18。因此，重要?…
Divulgations
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
我们感谢约阿希姆·埃伯向我们介绍的触觉学习模式，蜜蜂。这项工作是由群集支持的卓越277 CITEC，资助在德国卓越计划的框架。
Materials
| Name of Reagent/Material | Company | Catalog Number | Comments |
| Pollen foragers, Apis mellifera L. | Private hives | ||
| Glass vials (22 x 45 mm) | Carl Roth GmbH & Co | X655.1 | |
| Brass tubes, 10 x 30 mm | Self-produced | ||
| Brass cube, 3 x 5 mm | Self-produced | ||
| Tipp-Ex (solvent-free) | Tipp-Ex GmbH & Co KG | ||
| Sucrose solution (30%) | Household suger diluted in water | ||
| Ethanol (70%) | Carl Roth GmbH & Co | 9065.3 | |
| Syringe (1 ml) and needle (0.6 x 25) | Carl Roth GmbH & Co | 59.1 | |
| Stop Watch | Carl Roth GmbH & Co | L423.1 | |
| Micromanipulator | Märzhäuser MM33 | 00-42-101-0000 | |
| Digital video camera | Basler A602f-2 | ||
| Macro lens for camera | TechSpec VZM 200 | ||
| Matlab R2009b | The MathWorks |
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Citer Cet Article
Mujagić, S., Würth, S. M., Hellbach, S., Dürr, V. Tactile Conditioning And Movement Analysis Of Antennal Sampling Strategies In Honey Bees (Apis mellifera L.). J. Vis. Exp. (70), e50179, doi:10.3791/50179 (2012).