Un protocole simple et rapide aux non enzymatique dissocier frais tissus humains pour l'analyse des lymphocytes infiltrant
Summary
This protocol describes the rapid non-enzymatic dissociation of fresh human tissue fragments for qualitative and quantitative assessment of CD45+ cells (lymphocytes/leukocytes) present in various normal and malignant human tissues. Additionally, the supernatant obtained from the primary tissue homogenate can be collected and stored for further analysis or experimentation.
Abstract
La capacité des cellules malignes à échapper au système immunitaire, caractérisé par l'échappement tumoral à partir des réponses immunitaires innées et adaptatives, est maintenant accepté comme une caractéristique importante de cancer. Notre recherche sur le cancer du sein se concentre sur le rôle actif que les lymphocytes infiltrant les tumeurs jouent dans la progression tumorale et les résultats des patients. Dans ce but, nous avons développé une méthodologie pour l'isolement rapide des cellules lymphoïdes intacts de tissus normaux et anormaux dans un effort pour les évaluer à proximité de leur état natif. Homogénats préparés en utilisant un spectacle de dissociateur mécanique à la fois la viabilité accrue et la cellule de récupération tout en préservant l'expression du récepteur de surface par rapport aux tissus digéré par une enzyme. En outre, la digestion enzymatique de la matière insoluble restante n'a pas récupéré CD45 + cellules supplémentaires indiquant que les mesures quantitatives et qualitatives dans l'homogénat primaire susceptibles reflètent véritablement sous-populations infiltrant dans le fragm de tissusent. Les cellules lymphoïdes dans les homogénats peuvent être facilement caractérisées en utilisant immunologique (phénotype, la prolifération, etc.) ou moléculaire (ADN, ARN et / ou protéine) approches. les cellules CD45 + peuvent également être utilisés pour la purification de la sous-population, l'expansion in vitro ou cryoconservation. Un autre avantage de cette approche est que le surnageant de tissu primaire à partir des homogénats peut être utilisée pour caractériser et de comparer des cytokines, des chimiokines, des immunoglobulines et des antigènes présents dans les tissus normaux et malins. Cette fonction de protocole extrêmement bien pour les tissus mammaires humains et doivent être applicables à une grande variété de tissus normaux et anormaux.
Introduction
The tumor microenvironment is composed of various cell types with numerous studies showing they each play distinct and important roles in tumorigenesis1,2. These include, but are not limited to, infiltrating immune cells, stromal cells, endothelial cells and tumor cells3. Ex vivo studies of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL; CD45+ cells or leukocytes, which are predominantly lymphocytes in breast tumors) from fresh human tissue samples is made difficult by their low frequency, the small sample sizes often available for research and the potential for loss of viability during extraction. Because immune cells infiltrating tumors are usually present as passengers rather than permanent residents in general they are easier to release from the tissue matrix.
Dissociating tumor tissue while maintaining cellular integrity is technically challenging and has traditionally been performed using a combination of mechanical and enzymatic steps to prepare single cell suspensions4-8. This approach involves lengthy incubation periods and is associated with a significant reduction in cell viability as well as the loss of cell surface receptors by enzymatic cleavage. High quality flow cytometric studies characterizing TIL in the tumor microenvironment as well as clean purifications of CD45+ subpopulations by flow cytometry or antibody-coated beads are more difficult to achieve from enzyme-digested tumor tissue. In addition, the supernatant (SN) from the resulting tumor homogenate is not amenable to further analysis including quantification of secreted proteins (cytokines, chemokines, immunoglobulins or tumor antigens) or experimental treatment of normal cells, because of the potential for protein degradation in the enzymatic digests.
In our search for a method to prepare single cell homogenates from breast tissues [including tumor, non-adjacent non-tumor (NANT) and normal (from mammary reductions) breast tissues] without enzymatic digestion, we tested a variety of mechanical homogenization techniques. Homogenates prepared using a mechanical dissociator had increased cell viability (2-fold) and total cell recovery (2-fold) while preserving surface receptor expression. Enzymatic digestion of the remaining insoluble material did not recover additional CD45+ cells suggesting they were all released in the initial homogenate. Thus, this rapid and simple approach allows both qualitative and quantitative assessment of the CD45+ subpopulations present in various normal and malignant human tissues. An added advantage of this approach is that the SN from the initial homogenate (primary tissue SN) can be collected and stored for further analysis or experimentation.
Protocol
Representative Results
Discussion
Cette étude décrit un procédé optimisé pour la préparation rapide d'homogénats de tissus du sein normaux et malins sans digestion enzymatique pour le tri ultérieur de la cellule, l'extraction, la cryoconservation et / ou l'analyse phénotypique de CD45 + sous-populations. L'objectif de cette approche expérimentale est de produire des images de la TIL qui reflètent étroitement leur état in vivo et de les comparer aux tissus normaux avec une manipulation minimale des t…
Divulgations
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
Ce travail a été soutenu par des subventions fromthe Fonds belge pour la recherche scientifique (FNRS), Les Amis de l'Institut Bordet, FNRS-Opération Télévie, Plan Cancer de la Belgique, Fonds Lambeau-Marteaux, Fonds JC Heuson et le Fonds Barsy.
Materials
| Equipment | Company | Catalog Number | Comments/Description |
| GentleMacs Dissociator | Miltenyi Biotec | 130-093-235 | BD Medimachine is somewhat equivalent |
| Centrifuge 5810 R | Eppendorf | N/A | or other standard table top centrifuge |
| Centrifuge 5417 R | Eppendorf | N/A | or other standard microcentrifuge |
| Esco Class II A2 Biosafety Cabinet | ESCO global | N/A | or other standard BSL2 hood |
| Inverted Microscope | Nikon eclipse TS100 | N/A | or other microscope compatible for a hemacytometer |
| Bürker Chamber | Marienfield | 640210 | or other standard hemacytometer |
| Navios Flow Cytometer | Beckman Coulter | N/A | or other flow cytometer (8-10 color recommended) |
| Materials | Company | Catalog Number | Comments/Description |
| GentleMacs C-Tube | Miltenyi Biotec | 130-096-344 | BD Medimachine uses Filcon |
| Cell Culture Dish | Sarstedt | 72,710 | or other non-pyrogenic plasticware |
| Disposable Scalpel | Swann-Morton | 0510 | or standard single use sterile scalpel |
| BD Cell Strainer 40µm | Becton Dickinson | 734-0002 | or other non-pyrogenic plasticware |
| BD Falcon Tube 50mL | Becton Dickinson | 352070 | or other non-pyrogenic plasticware |
| BD Falcon Tube 15mL | Becton Dickinson | 352097 | or other non-pyrogenic plasticware |
| BD FACS Tube 5mL | Becton Dickinson | 352008 | or other non-pyrogenic plasticware |
| Sterile Pasteur Pipette 5 mL | VWR | 612-1685 | or other non-pyrogenic plasticware |
| Microfuge Tube 1.5 mL | Eppendorf | 7805-00 | or other non-pyrogenic plasticware |
| Reagents | Company | Catalog Number | Comments/Description |
| X-Vivo 20 | Lonza | BE04-448Q | serum-free medium recommended |
| Phosphate buffered saline | Lonza | BE17-516F | standard physiological PBS |
| Trypan blue | VWR | 17942E | or other vital stain |
| VersaLyse | Beckman Coulter | A09777 | for flow cytometry experiments |
| Fixable viability Dye eFluor 780 | eBioscience | 65-0865-14 | for flow cytometry experiments |
| anti-CD3 FITC | BD Biosciences | 345763 | for flow cytometry experiments |
| anti-CD3 Vio Blue | Miltenyi Biotec | 130-094-363 | for flow cytometry experiments |
| anti-CD4 PE | BD Biosciences | 345769 | for flow cytometry experiments |
| anti-CD4 APC | Miltenyi Biotec | 130-091-232 | for flow cytometry experiments |
| anti-CD8 ECD | Beckman Coulter | 737659 | for flow cytometry experiments |
| anti-CD8 PerCP | BD Biosciences | 345774 | for flow cytometry experiments |
| anti-CD19 APC-Vio770 | Miltenyi Biotec | 130-096-643 | for flow cytometry experiments |
| anti-CD45 VioGreen | Miltenyi Biotec | 130-096-906 | for flow cytometry experiments |
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