Summary

Um protocolo simples e rápido para não enzimática Separar frescos Tecidos Humanos para a Análise de infiltrar Linfócitos

Published: December 06, 2014
doi:

Summary

This protocol describes the rapid non-enzymatic dissociation of fresh human tissue fragments for qualitative and quantitative assessment of CD45+ cells (lymphocytes/leukocytes) present in various normal and malignant human tissues. Additionally, the supernatant obtained from the primary tissue homogenate can be collected and stored for further analysis or experimentation.

Abstract

A capacidade das células malignas para evadir o sistema imune, caracterizado por escape do tumor a partir de ambas as respostas imunes inatas e adaptativas, é agora aceite como uma característica importante do cancro. Nossa pesquisa sobre câncer de mama centra-se no papel ativo que os linfócitos tumor infiltrando desempenhar na progressão do tumor e evolução de pacientes. Com esse objetivo, foi desenvolvida uma metodologia para o rápido isolamento de células linfóides intactas de tecidos normais e anormais em um esforço para avaliá-los próximo ao seu estado natal. Homogeneizados preparados utilizando um show Dissociator mecânica tanto maior recuperação e viabilidade celular, preservando a expressão do receptor de superfície em comparação tecidos para enzima-digerida. Além disso, a digestão enzimática do material insolúvel restante não recuperou células adicionais CD45 +, indicando que as medidas quantitativas e qualitativas no homogeneizado primária provável genuinamente refletem infiltrando as subpopulações no fragm tecidoent. As células linfóides em homogenatos estes podem ser facilmente caracterizadas utilizando imunológica (fenótipo, proliferação, etc.) ou molecular (DNA, RNA e / ou proteína) se aproxima. As células CD45 + pode também ser utilizado para a purificação subpopulação, expansão in vitro ou de criopreservação. Um benefício adicional desta abordagem é que o sobrenadante de tecido primário a partir dos homogeneizados podem ser utilizados para caracterizar e comparar as citocinas, quimiocinas e imunoglobulinas, antigénios presentes em tecidos normais e malignos. Este funções de protocolo extremamente bem para tecidos mamários humanos e deve ser aplicável a uma grande variedade de tecidos normais e anormais.

Introduction

The tumor microenvironment is composed of various cell types with numerous studies showing they each play distinct and important roles in tumorigenesis1,2. These include, but are not limited to, infiltrating immune cells, stromal cells, endothelial cells and tumor cells3. Ex vivo studies of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL; CD45+ cells or leukocytes, which are predominantly lymphocytes in breast tumors) from fresh human tissue samples is made difficult by their low frequency, the small sample sizes often available for research and the potential for loss of viability during extraction. Because immune cells infiltrating tumors are usually present as passengers rather than permanent residents in general they are easier to release from the tissue matrix.

Dissociating tumor tissue while maintaining cellular integrity is technically challenging and has traditionally been performed using a combination of mechanical and enzymatic steps to prepare single cell suspensions4-8. This approach involves lengthy incubation periods and is associated with a significant reduction in cell viability as well as the loss of cell surface receptors by enzymatic cleavage. High quality flow cytometric studies characterizing TIL in the tumor microenvironment as well as clean purifications of CD45+ subpopulations by flow cytometry or antibody-coated beads are more difficult to achieve from enzyme-digested tumor tissue. In addition, the supernatant (SN) from the resulting tumor homogenate is not amenable to further analysis including quantification of secreted proteins (cytokines, chemokines, immunoglobulins or tumor antigens) or experimental treatment of normal cells, because of the potential for protein degradation in the enzymatic digests.

In our search for a method to prepare single cell homogenates from breast tissues [including tumor, non-adjacent non-tumor (NANT) and normal (from mammary reductions) breast tissues] without enzymatic digestion, we tested a variety of mechanical homogenization techniques. Homogenates prepared using a mechanical dissociator had increased cell viability (2-fold) and total cell recovery (2-fold) while preserving surface receptor expression. Enzymatic digestion of the remaining insoluble material did not recover additional CD45+ cells suggesting they were all released in the initial homogenate. Thus, this rapid and simple approach allows both qualitative and quantitative assessment of the CD45+ subpopulations present in various normal and malignant human tissues. An added advantage of this approach is that the SN from the initial homogenate (primary tissue SN) can be collected and stored for further analysis or experimentation.

Protocol

NOTA: Todos os espécimes foram adquiridos através de um protocolo aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética Médica do Instituto Jules Bordet com consentimento informado por escrito obtido de cada paciente. 1. Preparação do homogenato de tecido Dissecar tecidos ressecados (tecido maligno e normal ressecado da sala de cirurgia) estão no laboratório de patologia por pessoal treinado para a coleta imediata. Tumor, NANT (tomado a maior distância possível do tumor) e fragmentos de tecido…

Representative Results

A digestão enzimática de fragmentos de tecido, quer com soluções comercialmente disponíveis de dissociação de tecido ou várias misturas de laboratório de colagenase, ADNase e / ou inibidores de hialuronidase, clivar uma grande variedade de receptores na superfície das células. Os nossos estudos, inicialmente centrado sobre as células T CD4 + que infiltram os tumores de mama, foram rapidamente apresentados com um grande problema técnico, devido à clivagem dos receptores de CD4 de superfície util…

Discussion

Este estudo descreve um método otimizado para o preparo rápido de homogeneizados normais e malignas do tecido mamário, sem digestão enzimática para classificação subseqüente celular, extração, criopreservação e / ou análise fenotípica de CD45 + subpopulações. O objetivo dessa abordagem experimental é produzir imagens da TIL que refletem de perto seu estado in vivo e compará-los aos tecidos normais com mínima manipulação dos tecidos frescos da sala de cirurgia. Até o momento, o n…

Divulgations

The authors have nothing to disclose.

Acknowledgements

Este trabalho foi financiado por doações fromthe Fundo Belga de Pesquisa Científica (FNRS), Les Amis de l'Institut Bordet, FNRS-operação Télévie, Câncer da Bélgica Plan, Fonds Lambeau-Marteaux, Fonds JC Heuson e Fonds Barsy.

Materials

Equipment Company Catalog Number Comments/Description
GentleMacs Dissociator  Miltenyi Biotec 130-093-235 BD Medimachine is somewhat equivalent
Centrifuge 5810 R Eppendorf N/A or other standard table top centrifuge
Centrifuge 5417 R Eppendorf N/A or other standard microcentrifuge
Esco Class II A2 Biosafety Cabinet ESCO global N/A or other standard BSL2 hood
Inverted Microscope Nikon eclipse TS100 N/A or other microscope compatible for a hemacytometer
Bürker Chamber Marienfield  640210 or other standard hemacytometer
Navios Flow Cytometer Beckman Coulter N/A or other flow cytometer (8-10 color recommended)
Materials Company Catalog Number Comments/Description
GentleMacs C-Tube Miltenyi Biotec 130-096-344 BD Medimachine uses Filcon
Cell Culture Dish Sarstedt 72,710 or other non-pyrogenic plasticware 
Disposable Scalpel Swann-Morton 0510 or standard single use sterile scalpel
BD Cell Strainer 40µm Becton Dickinson 734-0002 or other non-pyrogenic plasticware 
BD Falcon Tube 50mL Becton Dickinson 352070 or other non-pyrogenic plasticware 
BD Falcon Tube 15mL Becton Dickinson 352097 or other non-pyrogenic plasticware 
BD FACS Tube 5mL Becton Dickinson 352008 or other non-pyrogenic plasticware 
Sterile Pasteur Pipette 5 mL  VWR 612-1685 or other non-pyrogenic plasticware 
Microfuge Tube 1.5 mL Eppendorf 7805-00 or other non-pyrogenic plasticware 
Reagents Company Catalog Number Comments/Description
X-Vivo 20 Lonza BE04-448Q serum-free medium recommended
Phosphate buffered saline Lonza BE17-516F standard physiological PBS
Trypan blue  VWR 17942E or other vital stain
VersaLyse Beckman Coulter A09777 for flow cytometry experiments
Fixable viability Dye eFluor 780  eBioscience 65-0865-14 for flow cytometry experiments
anti-CD3 FITC BD Biosciences 345763 for flow cytometry experiments
anti-CD3 Vio Blue Miltenyi Biotec 130-094-363 for flow cytometry experiments
anti-CD4 PE BD Biosciences 345769 for flow cytometry experiments
anti-CD4 APC Miltenyi Biotec 130-091-232 for flow cytometry experiments
anti-CD8 ECD Beckman Coulter 737659 for flow cytometry experiments
anti-CD8 PerCP BD Biosciences 345774 for flow cytometry experiments
anti-CD19 APC-Vio770 Miltenyi Biotec 130-096-643 for flow cytometry experiments
anti-CD45 VioGreen Miltenyi Biotec 130-096-906 for flow cytometry experiments

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Garaud, S., Gu-Trantien, C., Lodewyckx, J., Boisson, A., De Silva, P., Buisseret, L., Migliori, E., Libin, M., Naveaux, C., Duvillier, H., Willard-Gallo, K. A Simple and Rapid Protocol to Non-enzymatically Dissociate Fresh Human Tissues for the Analysis of Infiltrating Lymphocytes. J. Vis. Exp. (94), e52392, doi:10.3791/52392 (2014).

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