大鼠条件性巴甫洛夫训练方法
Summary
Here, we present a protocol to elicit Pavlovian conditioned approach behavior in rats. This procedure can be used to measure individual differences in the tendency to approach and attribute incentive salience to reward-related cues and investigate addiction vulnerability.
Abstract
那些偶然与无条件的，有益的刺激配对可以通过称为奖励突出的归属，或中性刺激转变为诱人的过程获得奖励属性本身的线索，“通缉令”能够激励行为的刺激。巴甫洛夫条件方法（PCA）一个条件刺激的响应无关的介绍后发展;即预测的非条件刺激的递送（CS 例如 ，杠杆）（美国;例如，一个食物丸），并且可以被用于测量激励突出在训练期间，三个图案。的空调的响应（CRS）可以发展：登录跟踪行为（CS-定向CR），目标跟踪行为（美国定向CR）和一个中间响应（两者CRS）登录跟踪属性激励突出奖励相关线索和更容易受到毒品寻求线索诱发复职以及其他成瘾相关的行为，使PCA锅为研究成瘾漏洞entially有价值的过程。这里，我们描述用于从大鼠引起的PCA行为以及分析和解释在个别实验的PCA行为的材料和方法。
Introduction
使用药物上瘾的过渡涉及巴甫洛夫和器乐学习1,2之间复杂的相互作用。在吸毒和毒品寻求行为，行动和成果是通过仪器过程的经验教训;然而，刺激（ 如药物相关线索）和回报之间的关系也通过巴甫洛夫过程的经验教训。巴甫洛夫线索获得预测值，但也能获得奖励的激励值 3，因此他们成为有吸引力的，可取的，能够促进和维持奖励寻求行为4。
很多程序调查的奖励动物学习，但是，不允许的预测与激励激励学习解开。在药物的自我管理程序，例如，既有器乐和巴甫洛夫突发通常采用，例如，老鼠学会执行操作（ 例如 ，鼻百吉NG，杠杆压，以便接收的结果（即，静脉输注药物）等）。该奖励成果还配备了巴甫洛夫刺激（ 例如，一个鼻子戳口，提示灯介绍，输液泵的声音，流体输送到血液中感受性的感觉， 等照明）。正是在这些过程往往不清楚线索是否支持目标导向行动仅仅是因为他们与奖励预测的关系，或暗示是否获得自己的奖励激励属性。
为了实验隔离巴甫洛夫刺激的预测值奖励激励价值，我们的实验室使用了巴甫洛夫条件方法（PCA）程序，以确定该属性突出激励来奖励有关的线索老鼠。在训练过程中，条件刺激（CS;例如，杠杆）响应独立预测的deliv（;例如，一个食物颗粒美国）的非条件刺激的红霉素。在多个培训课程的过程中，三表型发展：登录跟踪（CS定向条件反应[CR]），目标跟踪（US-执导CR），以及中间的反应（包括CRS）。对于目标跟踪（GTS），在CS被用作奖励交付的预测;然而，登录追踪器（STS），该CS是由于与激励突出，成为有吸引力的和可取的。在这次审查中，我们勾勒出设备，设置和数据的必要的处理来执行PCA过程。此外，我们提供培训PCA代表性的成果，勾勒出重要的实验方面的考虑，并讨论在调查成瘾等神经精神障碍的PCA程序假定的效用。
Protocol
所有的程序已通过大学委员会关于动物的使用和保养（UCUCA，密歇根大学安娜堡分校，MI）。 1.设备和软件获得商业操作室和设备。见材料表 。 在大鼠操作性条件反射室进行培训（24.1厘米宽×20.5厘米深x29.2厘米高度），坐落在声音衰减柜通风爱好者提供环境噪音。 装备有颗粒杂志（插座）各室，位于中央的操作性室的不锈钢格地板3厘米以上的2…
Representative Results
我们已发现，5-7 PCA训练的日常会话足以表现型大鼠作为STS，燃气轮机和中间反应数（IRs），虽然大鼠还可以基于特定的实验室或实验的需要进行培训。表型是基于PCA指标分数，这是通过如先前在协议中所述的平均的响应偏差，延迟的分数，以及个别会话概率差计算。表型是由从最后两个PCA培训班的平均PCA指数得分确定（ 即会话4和5，如果有一共有五个PCA培训课）。…
Discussion
PCA训练可被用来确定在该倾向的个体差异来激励突性归因于空调线索，这已被认为是成瘾漏洞的一个重要组成部分。例如，以前已经证明，ST的属性激励突性到食品和药物线索6，和两个食品和药物相关的线索中的ST 7的杏仁核-纹状体-丘脑回路内激活相似的大脑区域。此外，ST的都比较浮躁8，易受毒品寻求行为线索7,9诱发复职，并寻求与药物有关的线索，尽管不良?…
Divulgations
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
This work was funded by the University of Michigan Department Of Psychiatry (U032826; JDM), the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA; K08 DA037912-01; JDM) and the Department of Defense (DoD) National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate (NDSEG) Fellowship (CJF).
Materials
| Standard Modular Operant Test Chamber with Modified Top for Rat | Med Associates, Inc. | ENV-008CT | Top has access slot for drug delivery leashes or other harness systems; comes with ENV-008CTC (Cover Insert) for access slot |
| Expanded PVC Sound Attenuating Cubicle | Med Associates, Inc. | ENV-022V | |
| PCI Operating Package for up to Sixteen Chambers | Med Associates, Inc. | MED-SYST-16 | Based on the number of operant chambers, MED-SYST-8 (PCI Operating Package for up to Eight Chambers) is also available |
| SmartCtrl | Med Associates, Inc. | DIG-716P2 | |
| Universal Cable, 25′ (7.6 m) | Med Associates, Inc. | SG-210CB | Based on individual needs, SG-210CB-50 (Universal Cable, 50′ [15.2 m]) is also available |
| 18″ (45.7 cm) 3-Pin Mini-Molex | Med Associates, Inc. | SG-216A | Based on individual needs, SG-216A-2 (2′ [61.0 cm] 3-Pin Mini-Molex) is also available |
| Power Cable, 25′ (7.6 m) | Med Associates, Inc. | SG-210CP-25 | |
| Stainless Steel Grid Floor for Rat | Med Associates, Inc. | ENV-005 | Based on preference, ENV-005A (Stainless Steel Grid Floor for Mouse) is also available |
| Reusable Waste Pan | Med Associates, Inc. | ENV-007-P3 | |
| Filler Panel Package for Standard Modular Test Chamber | Med Associates, Inc. | ENV-008-FP | |
| Modular Pellet Dispenser for Rat, 45mg | Med Associates, Inc. | ENV-203M-45 | |
| Pellet Receptacle, Trough Type | Med Associates, Inc. | ENV-200R2M | Based on preference, ENV-200R1M (Pellet Receptable, Cup Type) is also available |
| Retractable Lever | Med Associates, Inc. | ENV-112CM | Calibrated to 25 g; needs to be adjusted to 10 g before Pavlovian conditioned approach training |
| Retractable Lever Cue Light | Med Associates, Inc. | ENV-112CML | |
| House Light for Rat | Med Associates, Inc. | ENV-215M | |
| 100 mA Replacement Bulbs, Pack of 10 | Med Associates, Inc. | SG-800R | Red-colored; for use with ENV-215M (House Light for Rat) |
| Pellets, 45 mg, Primate Purified Diet, Banana Flavor | Bio-Serv | F0059 | 50,000/box |
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Citer Cet Article
Fitzpatrick, C. J., Morrow, J. D. Pavlovian Conditioned Approach Training in Rats. J. Vis. Exp. (108), e53580, doi:10.3791/53580 (2016).