基于一个钛醇盐和半导体聚合物为全可印刷有机 - 无机批量异质结太阳能电池形貌控制
Summary
这里描述一种用于充分可印刷，自由富勒烯，高空气稳定，本体异质结太阳能电池基于钛的醇盐作为电子受体和电子供聚合物制造细胞的方法。此外，据报道，通过在Ti-醇单元的分子膨松控制光活性层的形态的方法。
Abstract
The photoactive layer of a typical organic thin-film bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) solar cell commonly uses fullerene derivatives as the electron-accepting material. However, fullerene derivatives are air-sensitive; therefore, air-stable material is needed as an alternative. In the present study, we propose and describe the properties of Ti-alkoxide as an alternative electron-accepting material to fullerene derivatives to create highly air-stable BHJ solar cells. It is well-known that controlling the morphology in the photoactive layer, which is constructed with fullerene derivatives as the electron acceptor, is important for obtaining a high overall efficiency through the solvent method. The conventional solvent method is useful for high-solubility materials, such as fullerene derivatives. However, for Ti-alkoxides, the conventional solvent method is insufficient, because they only dissolve in specific solvents. Here, we demonstrate a new approach to morphology control that uses the molecular bulkiness of Ti-alkoxides without the conventional solvent method. That is, this method is one approach to obtain highly efficient, air-stable, organic-inorganic bulk-heterojunction solar cells.
Introduction
有机光电器件被认为是有前途的可再生能源，由于其制造成本低，重量轻1-7。因为这些优点，有大量的科学家一直沉浸在此希望的领域。在过去十年中，染料敏化型，有机薄膜，和钙钛矿敏化太阳能电池已在这方面取得了8中的功率转换效率显著进展。
具体而言，有机薄膜太阳能电池和BHJ有机薄膜太阳能电池技术是用于太阳能的利用效率和成本效益的解决方案。另外，能量转换效率达到10％以上与使用低带隙聚合物作为电子给体和富勒烯衍生物作为电子受体（苯基-C 61 -丁-酸甲基酯：[60] PCBM或苯基-C 71 -丁酸甲酯：[70] PCBM）9-11。此外，一些研究人员ħAVE已经报道，在光活性层，其具有低带隙的聚合物和富勒烯衍生物的构造获得高总体效率的BHJ结构的重要性。然而，富勒烯衍生物是空气敏感。因此，空气稳定的电子接受材料是必需的作为替代。一些报道曾建议新类型使用n型半导体聚合物或金属氧化物作为电子受体的有机光伏电池。这些报告的支持空气稳定，自由富勒烯，有机薄膜太阳能电池12-15的发展。
然而，与此相反富勒烯系统或n型高分子半导体的系统，从而获得的BHJ结构的光活性层，其具有电荷分离和电荷传输能力的一个令人满意的性能，是在金属氧化物系统16-17困难。此外，富勒烯衍生物和n型半导体聚合物具有高的溶解度在许多溶剂。因此，很容易通过选择油墨溶液作为溶剂，它是光活性层18-20的前体，以控制所述光活性层的形态。与此相反，在与供电子聚合物组合使用金属醇盐体系的情况下，两个半导体是在几乎所有的溶剂不溶。这是因为金属醇盐不具有在溶剂中的高溶解度。因此，溶剂的形态控制的选择性非常低。
在这篇文章中，我们报道了利用分子蓬松制作打印和高空气稳定BHJ太阳能电池控制光活性层的形态的方法。我们描述了自由富勒烯BHJ太阳能电池的进展形态学控制的重要性。
Protocol
Representative Results
Discussion
为了利用该分子在这一方法膨松，重要的是要知道用于通过旋涂成膜的条件。首先，在p型和n型半导体必须能溶解在溶剂中。当一些物质仍然存在，这将成为光活性层大核心域。建议使用个别的溶剂的适当的商业过滤以除去剩余的材料。接着，在其中分子溶解该前体溶液必须被均匀地和均质打印为在大约60秒在ITO /玻璃基板上的光敏层。这个过程是用以下三个步骤执行。首先，将前体溶液和ITO /玻?…
Divulgations
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
这项工作是部分由日本学术振兴会KAKENHI批准号25871029中，日本板硝子基金会材料科学与工程，以及枥木产业促进中心的支持。国家技术研究所，大山书院，还协助这篇文章的出版费用。
Materials
| Ti(IV) isopropoxide, 97% | Sigma Aldrich | 205273 | |
| Ti(IV) ethoxide | Sigma Aldrich | 244759 | Technical grade |
| Ti(IV) butoxide, 97% | Sigma Aldrich | 244112 | Reagent grade |
| Ti(IV) butoxide polymer | Sigma Aldrich | 510718 | |
| Poly[2,7-(9,9-dioctylfluorene)-alt-4,7-bis(thiophen-2-yl)benzo-2,1,3-thiadiazole] (PFO-DBT) | Sigma Aldrich | 754013 | |
| [6,6]-phenyl-C61 butyric acid methyl ester ([60]PCBM) 99.5% | Sigma Aldrich | 684449 | Research grade |
| poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT-PSS) | Heraeus | Clevios S V3 | |
| 1N Hydrochloric acid | Wako | 083-01095 | |
| Chlorobenzene 99.0% | Wako | 032-07986 | |
| Acetone 99.5% | Wako | 016-00346 | |
| Indium-tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass substrate | Geomatec | 0002 | 100×100×1.1t (mm) |
| Glass substrate | Matsunami Glass | S7213 | 76×26×1.2t (mm) |
| Cotton tail | As one | 1-8584-16 | |
| Epoxy resin | Nichiban | AR-R30 | |
| Plastic spatula | As one | 2-3956-02 | |
| Ultrasonic cleaner | As one | AS482 | |
| Magnetic hot stirrer | As one | RHS-1DN | |
| Ceramic hotplate | As one | CHP-17DN | |
| Spin coater | Kyowariken | K-359 S1 | |
| Vacuum pump | ULVAC | DA-30S | |
| UV-O3 cleaner | Filgen | UV253E | |
| Screen printer | Mitani Electronics | MEC-2400 | |
| Ultrasonic Soldering system | Kuroda Techno | SUNBONDER USM-5 | |
| Direct-current voltage and current source/monitor integrated system | San-Ei Electric | XES-40S1 | |
| Scanning electron microscope | JEOL Ltd. | JSM-7800 |
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