Morfologi Control til Fuldt Printable Økologisk-Uorganisk Bulk-heterojunction solceller baseret på en Ti-alkoxid og halvledende Polymer
Summary
Fremgangsmåde til fuldt printbare, fulleren-fri, stærkt værelser med stabil, bulk-heterojunction solceller baseret på Ti alkoxider som elektronacceptor og elektrondonerende polymer fabrikation beskrives her. Endvidere rapporteres en fremgangsmåde til styring af morfologien af den fotoaktive lag gennem den molekylære bulkiness af Ti-alkoxid enheder.
Abstract
The photoactive layer of a typical organic thin-film bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) solar cell commonly uses fullerene derivatives as the electron-accepting material. However, fullerene derivatives are air-sensitive; therefore, air-stable material is needed as an alternative. In the present study, we propose and describe the properties of Ti-alkoxide as an alternative electron-accepting material to fullerene derivatives to create highly air-stable BHJ solar cells. It is well-known that controlling the morphology in the photoactive layer, which is constructed with fullerene derivatives as the electron acceptor, is important for obtaining a high overall efficiency through the solvent method. The conventional solvent method is useful for high-solubility materials, such as fullerene derivatives. However, for Ti-alkoxides, the conventional solvent method is insufficient, because they only dissolve in specific solvents. Here, we demonstrate a new approach to morphology control that uses the molecular bulkiness of Ti-alkoxides without the conventional solvent method. That is, this method is one approach to obtain highly efficient, air-stable, organic-inorganic bulk-heterojunction solar cells.
Introduction
Organiske fotovoltaiske anordninger betragtes lovende vedvarende energikilder på grund af deres lave omkostninger fremstilling og lette vægt 1-7. På grund af disse fordele, har et stort antal forskere ligget i dette lovende område. I det seneste årti, dye-lysfølsomme, organisk tynd-film, og perovskit-sensibiliserede solceller har opnået betydelige fremskridt ved magten konverteringseffektivitet på dette område 8.
Konkret økologiske tynd-film solceller og BHJ organisk tynd-film sol-celle teknologi er effektive og omkostningseffektive løsninger til udnyttelse af solenergi. Desuden har energikonverteringseffektiviteten nået over 10% med brug af lav-band-gap polymerer som elektrondonoren og fulleren derivater som elektronacceptor (Phenyl-C 61 -smørsyre-Acid-methylester: [60] PCBM eller phenyl-C 71 -smørsyre-Acid-methylester: [70] PCBM) 9-11. Desuden er nogle forskere have allerede rapporteret betydningen af BHJ struktur i fotoaktive lag, som er konstrueret med lav-band-gap polymerer og fulleren derivater for at opnå en høj samlet virkningsgrad. Men fulleren derivater er air-følsomme. Derfor er en luft-stabil elektron-accepterende materiale, der kræves som et alternativ. Enkelte rapporter tidligere foreslået nye typer af organiske solceller, der bruges n-type halvledende polymerer eller metaloxider som elektronacceptorer. Disse rapporter støttet udviklingen af værelser med stabile, fulleren-fri, økologisk tynd-film solceller 12-15.
Men i modsætning til fulleren systemer eller n-type halvledende polymersystemer, opnåelse af et tilfredsstillende opfyldelse af BHJ struktur i fotoaktive lag, som har ladningsadskillelse og ladningsoverførslen evner, er vanskelig i metal oxide systemer 16-17. Endvidere fulleren derivater og N-type halvledende polymerer har høj opløselighedi mange opløsningsmidler. Derfor er det let at styre morfologien af den fotoaktive lag ved at vælge en trykfarve opløsning som opløsningsmidlet, som er forløber for den fotoaktive lag 18-20. Derimod i tilfældet med metalalkanolat systemer, der anvendes i kombination med en elektrondonerende polymer, begge halvledere er uopløselige i næsten alle opløsningsmidler. Dette skyldes, metalalkoxider ikke har en høj opløselighed i opløsningsmidlet. Derfor selektiviteten af opløsningsmidler for morfologi styring er ekstremt lav.
I denne artikel rapporterer vi en fremgangsmåde til styring af morfologien af den fotoaktive lag ved hjælp af molekylær voluminøsitet at fabrikere printbare og yderst luft-stabil BHJ solceller. Vi beskriver betydningen af morfologi kontrol for forløbet af fulleren-fri BHJ solceller.
Protocol
Representative Results
Discussion
For at udnytte molekylets bulkiness i denne metode, er det vigtigt at kende betingelserne for filmdannelse ved spin coating. For det første skal de p-type og n-type halvledere kunne opløses i opløsningsmidlerne. Når noget materiale tilbage, vil det blive den store kerne af domænerne i fotoaktive lag. Det anbefales at anvende en passende kommerciel filter til individuelle opløsningsmidler til at fjerne det resterende materiale. Dernæst skal forstadiet opløsning, i hvilken molekylerne opløses ensartet og homogent…
Divulgations
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
Dette arbejde blev delvist støttet af JSP'er KAKENHI Grant Number 25871029, Nippon Sheet Glass Foundation for Materiale Teknologi og Udvikling, og Industrial Promotion Center for Tochigi. The National Institute of Technology, Oyama College, også bistået med omkostningerne ved denne artikel.
Materials
| Ti(IV) isopropoxide, 97% | Sigma Aldrich | 205273 | |
| Ti(IV) ethoxide | Sigma Aldrich | 244759 | Technical grade |
| Ti(IV) butoxide, 97% | Sigma Aldrich | 244112 | Reagent grade |
| Ti(IV) butoxide polymer | Sigma Aldrich | 510718 | |
| Poly[2,7-(9,9-dioctylfluorene)-alt-4,7-bis(thiophen-2-yl)benzo-2,1,3-thiadiazole] (PFO-DBT) | Sigma Aldrich | 754013 | |
| [6,6]-phenyl-C61 butyric acid methyl ester ([60]PCBM) 99.5% | Sigma Aldrich | 684449 | Research grade |
| poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT-PSS) | Heraeus | Clevios S V3 | |
| 1N Hydrochloric acid | Wako | 083-01095 | |
| Chlorobenzene 99.0% | Wako | 032-07986 | |
| Acetone 99.5% | Wako | 016-00346 | |
| Indium-tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass substrate | Geomatec | 0002 | 100×100×1.1t (mm) |
| Glass substrate | Matsunami Glass | S7213 | 76×26×1.2t (mm) |
| Cotton tail | As one | 1-8584-16 | |
| Epoxy resin | Nichiban | AR-R30 | |
| Plastic spatula | As one | 2-3956-02 | |
| Ultrasonic cleaner | As one | AS482 | |
| Magnetic hot stirrer | As one | RHS-1DN | |
| Ceramic hotplate | As one | CHP-17DN | |
| Spin coater | Kyowariken | K-359 S1 | |
| Vacuum pump | ULVAC | DA-30S | |
| UV-O3 cleaner | Filgen | UV253E | |
| Screen printer | Mitani Electronics | MEC-2400 | |
| Ultrasonic Soldering system | Kuroda Techno | SUNBONDER USM-5 | |
| Direct-current voltage and current source/monitor integrated system | San-Ei Electric | XES-40S1 | |
| Scanning electron microscope | JEOL Ltd. | JSM-7800 |
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