Accordable hydrogels de matrice extracellulaire pulmonaire pour la 3D Culture Cellulaire
Summary
Ceci est une méthode pour créer un échafaudage trois dimensions de culture de cellules de la matrice extracellulaire pulmonaire. poumon Intact est transformé en hydrogels qui peuvent soutenir la croissance des cellules en trois dimensions.
Abstract
Nous présentons ici une méthode pour établir des composants multiples hydrogels de culture cellulaire pour la culture in vitro de cellules de poumon. En commençant par la santé en tissu bloc pulmonaire de porc, rat ou la souris, le tissu est perfusé et immergé dans les détergents chimiques ultérieures pour éliminer les débris cellulaires. comparaison histologique du tissu avant et après le traitement confirme l'élimination de plus de 95% de la coloration de l'ADN double brin et l'alpha-galactosidase suggère que la majorité des débris cellulaires sont éliminés. Après décellularisation, le tissu est lyophilisé, puis cryomilled en poudre. La poudre de matrice est digéré pendant 48 heures dans une solution de digestion de la pepsine acide, puis on neutralise pour former la solution de pré-gel. Gélification de la solution de pré-gel peut être induite par une incubation à 37 ° C et peut être utilisée immédiatement après la neutralisation ou stocké à 4 ° C pendant jusqu'à deux semaines. Les revêtements peuvent être formés en utilisant la solution de pré-gel sur une plaque non-traitée pour cattachement ell. Les cellules peuvent être mises en suspension dans le pré-gel avant de l'autoassemblage de réaliser une culture en 3D, plaquée sur la surface d'un gel formé à partir de laquelle les cellules peuvent migrer à travers l'échafaudage, ou plaquée sur les revêtements. Les modifications de la stratégie présentés peuvent avoir un impact température de gélification, la force ou la taille des fragments de protéines. Au-delà de la formation d'hydrogel, la rigidité d'hydrogel peut être augmentée en utilisant genipin.
Introduction
Translating in vitro results to the clinic is one of the most challenging issues facing biomedical researchers. In vitro research on tissue culture plastic is easier, more convenient, and maintains high cell viability.1 This approach is a reasonable starting point, but the results have limited clinical translation. Increasingly, laboratories are incorporating three-dimensional constructs to replace the traditional two-dimensional methods. Reviews are available for many three-dimensional environments, from biological scaffolds to polymeric scaffolds.2,3
Biological frameworks can mimic characteristics of in vivo environments as they contain many of the protein and glycosaminoglycan components of the native matrix and provide familiar binding sites for cells to attach to and recognize. Extracellular matrix (ECM) derived materials have been shown to be capable scaffolds for cell attachment and proliferation.4 One challenge that limits the application of ECM hydrogel platforms stems from their inherently weak mechanical properties following gelation. Native tissue often has mechanical properties that are magnitudes higher than hydrogels. Non-toxic crosslinking agents can increase the mechanical properties of hydrogels to better mimic the native tissue environment. Genipin is a non-toxic, natural crosslinker derived from Gardenia plants with the ability to closely tailor mechanical properties of ECM with changes in genipin concentration5,6.
Nearly all cells in the body exist in, and organize on, ECM that they either produce or maintain. New focus on the universal importance of ECM in the organization, condition, and function in every organ or system has sparked the production of matrix based platforms for in vitro investigation. Porcine small intestine submucosa is the most extensively studied naturally-derived scaffold, and it has been used to regenerate tendons, ligaments, skeletal muscle4, and even bone7. Matrices from other organs and donor species have also demonstrated good tissue regeneration potential. The use of foreign ECM components causes minimal issues with immunomodulation. After elimination of host cellular matter, the remaining ECM will be similar in amino acid content and organization to all other mammalian species8. There is a growing line of thinking that the best way to examine cell-ECM interactions in vitro is to utilize organ-specific ECM scaffolds. Each organ provides a unique composition of proteins and proteoglycans to create cellular niches. Niches provide structural, functional and even the enzymatic breakdown of the extracellular matrix contributing to biophysical signaling. To attain an in vitro microenvironment most similar to the in vivo microenvironment, use of tissue specific ECM would optimize the cellular niches for research.
The goal of this protocol is to provide a method for establishing a hydrogel scaffold unique to the lung ECM. This method provides a platform for in vitro research on lung cell-ECM interactions.
Protocol
Representative Results
Discussion
Un des aspects les intégrales de la biologie est l'auto-organisation des molécules dans les structures hiérarchiques qui effectuent une tâche spécifique. 13 En laboratoire, l' auto-assemblage dépend de nombreux facteurs tels que la concentration en sel, le pH et la durée de digestion. Comme le montre, il se forme d'hydrogel auto-organisation lorsque les protéines solubilisées retour à une température physiologique. L'hydrogel formé est capable de favoriser l' attachement et la …
Divulgations
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
Nous tenons à remercier les fermes de Smithfield pour le don du tissu pulmonaire porcin intact. Nous tenons également à remercier le Dr Hu Yang, le Dr Christina Tang et le département de chirurgie plastique VCU pour nous permettre d'utiliser leur équipement. échantillons hydrogels et de tissus ont été préparés pour SEM au Département VCU d'anatomie et de l'installation de neurobiologie Microscopie pris en charge, en partie, grâce au financement du NIH-NINDS Core Center Grant 5 P30 NS047463 et, en partie, par la forme de financement du NIH-NCI Cancer Support Center Grant P30 CA016059. SEM imagerie d'échantillons à l'installation de base Caractérisation VCU Nanotechnology (CCN). Ce travail a été financé par la National Science Foundation, CMMI 1351162.
Materials
| Triton X-100 | Fisher Scientific | BP151-100 | Use in fume hood with eye protection and gloves. |
| Sodium Deoxycholate | Sigma-Aldrich | D6750-100g | Use with eye protection and gloves. |
| Magnesium Sulfate | Sigma-Aldrich | M7506-500g | None |
| Calcium Chloride | Sigma-Aldrich | C1016-500g | None |
| DNase | Sigma-Aldrich | D5025-150KU | None |
| HCl | Sigma-Aldrich | 258148-500ML | Use with eye protection and gloves. |
| Pepsin | Sigma-Aldrich | P6887-5G | Use in fume hood with eye protection and gloves. |
| Sodium Hydroxide | Fisher Scientific | BP359-500 | Use with eye protection and gloves. |
| Genipin | Wako Chemicals | 078-03021 | Use in fume hood with eye protection and gloves. |
| PBS 10x | Quality Biological | 119-069-151 | None |
| PBS | VWR | 45000-448 | None |
| Filter Paper | Whatman | 8519 | N/A |
| Hand pump | Fisher Scientific | 10-239-1 | N/A |
| Graduate Beaker | VitLab | 445941 | N/A |
| Cryomill | SPEX | 6700 | Use cryogloves and eye protection. |
| Lyophilizer | FTS FlexiDry | Use gloves. | |
| Rheometer | Discovery | HR-2 | Use gloves and eye protection. |
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