用于评估椎弓根螺钉的麻醉，手术和收获方法<em>体内</em>猪腰椎模型
Summary
在这里，我们介绍一种通过使用体内猪腰椎模型来评估椎弓根螺钉的方法。
Abstract
椎弓根螺钉固定术是治疗脊柱疾病的黄金标准。然而，许多研究报道了脊柱手术后松动椎弓根螺钉的问题，这是一个严重的问题。为了解决这个问题，已经对多种类型的椎弓根螺钉进行了检查，以确定脊柱骨中具有良好的固定强度和骨整合的那些。由于解剖尺寸，机械特性和成本，猪脊柱是评估椎弓根螺钉的人类脊柱的良好替代品。尽管有几项研究报道，在猪模型中椎弓根螺钉是有效的，但没有研究已经描述了使用猪模型评估椎弓根螺钉的详细方案。在这里，我们描述了使用体内猪腰椎模型评估经椎弓根螺钉的详细方法。这里提供的麻醉，脊柱手术和收获的技术细节将有助于评估t睾丸螺钉固定模型。
Introduction
Transpedicular screw fixation is a gold-standard treatment for degenerative lumbar spine and bursting fracture because it involves three columns of the spine and achieves stabilization1,2. However, most patients who undergo such surgery also have osteoporosis3,4. Many studies have evaluated the fixation strength and the osseointegration status of transpedicular screws, because the loosening of pedicle screws currently in use has been reported in patients with osteoporosis5,6.
The porcine spine is similar to the human spine in terms of size. It is less expensive compared to a primate model7. Furthermore, an in vivo mechanical study has demonstrated that the quadruped porcine spine is essentially loaded in the same way as that of the human spine8, which is why many researchers use porcine spines for studies on the prevention of pedicle screw loosening. However, it takes several months to study pedicle screws in the porcine spine because identifying the long-term stability of pedicle screws takes times. In order to compare different types of screws in the vertebral body, it is necessary to insert the screws in similar positions. Therefore, researchers should be well-acquainted with proper anesthesia techniques, standardized surgical protocols, and harvest procedures before performing any experiments. Here, we describe a detailed method for anesthesia, surgery, and harvest for the evaluation of pedicle screw fixation using a porcine spine model, including ex vivo imaging, histology, and strength testing.
Protocol
Representative Results
Discussion
经脊椎螺钉在猪脊柱中的评估需要很多时间和精力。首先，小型猪是大型动物。对于动物护理和麻醉，研究人员需要一个专门的协议。第二，手术应保持与人体手术相似的环境。评估脊椎椎弓根螺钉的目的是开发一种可应用于人类的高效螺钉。第三，评估经椎弓根螺钉的长期稳定性需要在脊柱手术后大约三个月。因此，椎弓根螺钉固定领域的研究人员需要通过准确的规划来规范协议。尽管已经对?…
Divulgations
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
本研究得到了韩国春武国立大学医院生物医学研究所（CNUH-BRI）资助的赠款（CNUH-BRI-2012-02-005）的支持。
Materials
| Miniature pig | OrientBio | ||
| Atropine | Jeil pharmaceutical | A04900241 | Anesthesia |
| Over-the needle plastic catheter | BD | REF382412 | Maintenance of IV line |
| Ketamine | Yuhan | A04502441 | Anesthesia |
| Xylazine | Bayer Korea | A00800071 | Anesthesia |
| Laryngoscope | Karl storz | Intubation | |
| Endotracheal tube | Covidien | Intubation | |
| Isoflurane | JW pharmaceutical Co | A02104781 | Anesthesia |
| Eye ointment | Hanlim pharma | A37851721 | Protection of pig's eye |
| Cefazolin | Donga pharma | A01503951 | Antibiotics |
| Saline | JW pharmaceutical Co | A02151392 | Maintenance of fluid homeostasis |
| Fentanyl | Hana pharm | C03200032 | Pain control |
| Enrofloxacin | Bayer | 93106-60-6 | Antibiotics |
| Morphine | Myungmoon pharma | C03700091 | Pain control |
| Meloxicam | Boehringer Ingelheim | A07600711 | Antibiotics |
| Povidone-iodine | Hyundai pharma | Wound dressing | |
| Scalpel blade size 15 | Braun | I1 BB515 | Skin incision |
| Cobb elevator | Codman | 65-2546 | Dissection of muscle |
| Burr | Medtronic | Making of starting point of screw | |
| Rongeur | Aesculap | FO515R | Making of starting point of screw |
| Guide pin (K-wire) | CE | 01067803 | Guidance of screw trajectory |
| C-arm | GE | OEC 9800 plus | Guidance of screw trajectory |
| Portable X-ray | Siemens | Mobile XP hybrid | Guidance of screw trajectory |
| Pedicle probe | OtisBiotech | SPI-02-01 | Guidance of screw trajectory |
| Pedicle sounding device | OtisBiotech | SPI-03-01 | Guidance of screw trajectory |
| Pedicle screw | OtisBiotech | MS-40025 | |
| Posterior fixator systems | OtisBiotech | ||
| Rod | OtisBiotech | ROD-60140 | Rigid fixation between screws |
| Universal handle | OtisBiotech | SPI-08-01 | To fix the screws to the rod |
| Straight socket wrench | OtisBiotech | SPI-06-01 | To fix the screws to the rod |
| counter torque wrench | OtisBiotech | SPI-07-01 | To fix the screws to the rod |
| Bulb irrigation syringe | Hyupsug medical | HS-IR-140 | Irrigation |
| Silicone drain | Sewon medical | 2205-006 | To drain the fluid at the surgical site |
| 3.0 metric absorbable suture | Ethicon | BA1673H | Muscle suture |
| 2.0 metric nonabsorbable nylon suture | Ethicon | W1626T | Skin suture |
| Gauze | Kingphar Korea | KP120-06 | |
| Pentobarbital | Hanlim pharma | 645301221 | Euthanasia |
| Oscillating saw | Zimmer | Harvest spine | |
| Tower forceps | Aesculap | BF461R | Harvest spine |
References
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