Anestesia, Cirugía y Método de Cosecha para la Evaluación de Tornillos Transpediculares Usando un<em> In Vivo</em> Modelo de columna lumbar porcina
Summary
Aquí, se introduce un método para evaluar los tornillos transpedicular mediante la utilización de un modelo de la columna lumbar porcino in vivo .
Abstract
La fijación del tornillo del pedículo es el estándar de oro para el tratamiento de enfermedades espinales. Sin embargo, muchos estudios han informado de la cuestión de aflojar los tornillos pediculares después de la cirugía de la columna vertebral, que es una preocupación seria. Para abordar este problema, se han examinado diversos tipos de tornillos pediculares para identificar aquellos con buena fuerza de fijación y osteointegración en el hueso de la columna vertebral. La columna porcina es una buena alternativa para la columna vertebral humana en la evaluación de los tornillos pediculares debido al tamaño anatómico, características mecánicas y coste. Aunque varios estudios han reportado que los tornillos pediculares son eficientes en el modelo porcino, ningún estudio ha descrito protocolos detallados para la evaluación de un tornillo pedículo utilizando el modelo porcino. En este sentido, se describe un método detallado para la evaluación de tornillos transpedicular utilizando un modelo in vivo de la columna lumbar porcino. Los detalles técnicos para anestesia, cirugía de columna y cosecha proporcionados aquí facilitarán con la evaluación de la tModelo de fijación de tornillo ranspedicular.
Introduction
Transpedicular screw fixation is a gold-standard treatment for degenerative lumbar spine and bursting fracture because it involves three columns of the spine and achieves stabilization1,2. However, most patients who undergo such surgery also have osteoporosis3,4. Many studies have evaluated the fixation strength and the osseointegration status of transpedicular screws, because the loosening of pedicle screws currently in use has been reported in patients with osteoporosis5,6.
The porcine spine is similar to the human spine in terms of size. It is less expensive compared to a primate model7. Furthermore, an in vivo mechanical study has demonstrated that the quadruped porcine spine is essentially loaded in the same way as that of the human spine8, which is why many researchers use porcine spines for studies on the prevention of pedicle screw loosening. However, it takes several months to study pedicle screws in the porcine spine because identifying the long-term stability of pedicle screws takes times. In order to compare different types of screws in the vertebral body, it is necessary to insert the screws in similar positions. Therefore, researchers should be well-acquainted with proper anesthesia techniques, standardized surgical protocols, and harvest procedures before performing any experiments. Here, we describe a detailed method for anesthesia, surgery, and harvest for the evaluation of pedicle screw fixation using a porcine spine model, including ex vivo imaging, histology, and strength testing.
Protocol
Representative Results
Discussion
La evaluación de los tornillos transpediculares en la columna vertebral porcina requiere mucho tiempo y esfuerzo. En primer lugar, el cerdo en miniatura es un animal grande. Para el cuidado de los animales y la anestesia, el investigador necesita un protocolo especializado. En segundo lugar, la cirugía debe mantener un entorno similar al de la cirugía humana. El propósito de evaluar los tornillos pediculares en la columna vertebral porcina es desarrollar un tornillo eficiente que se puede aplicar a los seres humanos…
Divulgations
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
Este estudio fue apoyado por una subvención (CNUH-BRI-2012-02-005) financiado por el Instituto de Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Universitario Nacional de Chonbuk (CNUH-BRI), República de Corea.
Materials
| Miniature pig | OrientBio | ||
| Atropine | Jeil pharmaceutical | A04900241 | Anesthesia |
| Over-the needle plastic catheter | BD | REF382412 | Maintenance of IV line |
| Ketamine | Yuhan | A04502441 | Anesthesia |
| Xylazine | Bayer Korea | A00800071 | Anesthesia |
| Laryngoscope | Karl storz | Intubation | |
| Endotracheal tube | Covidien | Intubation | |
| Isoflurane | JW pharmaceutical Co | A02104781 | Anesthesia |
| Eye ointment | Hanlim pharma | A37851721 | Protection of pig's eye |
| Cefazolin | Donga pharma | A01503951 | Antibiotics |
| Saline | JW pharmaceutical Co | A02151392 | Maintenance of fluid homeostasis |
| Fentanyl | Hana pharm | C03200032 | Pain control |
| Enrofloxacin | Bayer | 93106-60-6 | Antibiotics |
| Morphine | Myungmoon pharma | C03700091 | Pain control |
| Meloxicam | Boehringer Ingelheim | A07600711 | Antibiotics |
| Povidone-iodine | Hyundai pharma | Wound dressing | |
| Scalpel blade size 15 | Braun | I1 BB515 | Skin incision |
| Cobb elevator | Codman | 65-2546 | Dissection of muscle |
| Burr | Medtronic | Making of starting point of screw | |
| Rongeur | Aesculap | FO515R | Making of starting point of screw |
| Guide pin (K-wire) | CE | 01067803 | Guidance of screw trajectory |
| C-arm | GE | OEC 9800 plus | Guidance of screw trajectory |
| Portable X-ray | Siemens | Mobile XP hybrid | Guidance of screw trajectory |
| Pedicle probe | OtisBiotech | SPI-02-01 | Guidance of screw trajectory |
| Pedicle sounding device | OtisBiotech | SPI-03-01 | Guidance of screw trajectory |
| Pedicle screw | OtisBiotech | MS-40025 | |
| Posterior fixator systems | OtisBiotech | ||
| Rod | OtisBiotech | ROD-60140 | Rigid fixation between screws |
| Universal handle | OtisBiotech | SPI-08-01 | To fix the screws to the rod |
| Straight socket wrench | OtisBiotech | SPI-06-01 | To fix the screws to the rod |
| counter torque wrench | OtisBiotech | SPI-07-01 | To fix the screws to the rod |
| Bulb irrigation syringe | Hyupsug medical | HS-IR-140 | Irrigation |
| Silicone drain | Sewon medical | 2205-006 | To drain the fluid at the surgical site |
| 3.0 metric absorbable suture | Ethicon | BA1673H | Muscle suture |
| 2.0 metric nonabsorbable nylon suture | Ethicon | W1626T | Skin suture |
| Gauze | Kingphar Korea | KP120-06 | |
| Pentobarbital | Hanlim pharma | 645301221 | Euthanasia |
| Oscillating saw | Zimmer | Harvest spine | |
| Tower forceps | Aesculap | BF461R | Harvest spine |
References
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