Phospho flödescytometri med fluorescerande Cell streckkodning för enstaka Cell signalering analys och biomarkör identifiering
Summary
Här presenteras ett protokoll för medel – till hög genomströmning analys av protein fosforylering händelser på cellnivå. Phospho flödescytometri är en kraftfull metod att karakterisera signalering avvikelser, identifiera och validera biomarkörer och bedöma farmakodynamik.
Abstract
Avvikande cellsignalering spelar en central roll i utvecklingen av cancer och progression. Mest roman riktade terapier riktar verkligen proteiner och protein funktioner och cell signalering avvikelser kan därför tjäna som biomarkörer för att ange anpassade behandlingsalternativ. I motsats till DNA och RNA analyser, kan förändringar i proteinaktiviteten mer effektivt utvärdera mekanismerna bakom drogen känslighet och resistens. Phospho flödescytometri är en kraftfull teknik som mäter protein fosforylering händelser på cellulär nivå, en viktig funktion som skiljer metoden från andra antikroppsbaserade metoder. Metoden som möjliggör samtidig analys av flera signalering proteiner. I kombination med fluorescerande cell barcoding, kan större medel – till hög genomströmning-datamängder förvärvas genom standard cytometer maskinvara på kort tid. Phospho flödescytometri har tillämpningar både i studier av grundläggande biologi och i klinisk forskning, inklusive signalering analys, biomarkör identifiering och bedömning av farmakodynamik. Här ges en detaljerad experimentellt protokoll för phospho Flödesanalys av renat perifera mononukleära blodceller, med kronisk lymfatisk leukemiceller som exempel.
Introduction
Phospho flödescytometri används för att analysera fosforylering proteinnivåer på encelliga upplösning. Det övergripande målet med metoden är att kartlägga cellulär signalering mönster under angivna förhållanden. Genom att utnyttja flödescytometri multiparametrar kapacitet, kan flera signalvägar analyseras samtidigt i olika undergrupper av en heterogen cell befolkningen såsom perifert blod. Dessa egenskaper ger fördelar över andra antikroppsbaserade tekniker såsom immunohistokemi, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), protein array och omvänd fas protein array (RPPA)1. Phospho flödescytometri kan kombineras med fluorescerande cell streckkodning (FCB), vilket innebär att enskild cellprover är märkta med unika signaturer av fluorescerande färger så att de kan blandas ihop, målat och analyseras som ett enda prov2. Detta reducerar antikropp förbrukningen, ökar data robustheten genom kombinationen av kontroll och behandlade prover, och ökar hastigheten på förvärvet. Kombinerade FCB befolkningen kan sedan vara uppdelad i mindre prover och färgade med upp till 35 distinkta phospho-specifika antikroppar, beroende på mängden utgångsmaterial. Stor profilering experiment kan, därmed, köras med standard cytometer hårdvara. Phospho flödescytometri har tillämpats på profil signalering utbildningsavsnitt i patientprover från flera hematologiska cancerformer inklusive kronisk lymfatisk leukemi (KLL)3,4,5, akut myeloisk leukemi (AML) 6 och non-Hodgkin lymfom7. Phospho flödescytometri är således en kraftfull metod att karakterisera signalering avvikelser, identifiera och validera biomarkörer och bedöma farmakodynamik.
Här, tillhandahålls optimerad protokollet för analys av KLL patientprover av phospho flödescytometri (figur 1A). Exempel på basal signalering karakterisering, anti-IgM/B cell receptorn stimulering och drog störning visas. En detaljerad beskrivning av en FCB matris tillhandahålls. Protokollet kan enkelt anpassas till andra suspension celltyper.
Protocol
Representative Results
Discussion
Phospho flödescytometri är en kraftfull teknik för att mäta fosforylering proteinnivåer i enstaka celler. Eftersom metoden bygger på färgning med antikroppar, begränsas phospho flödescytometri av antikropp tillgänglighet. Dessutom för att få tillförlitliga resultat, bör alla antikroppar titreras och verifieras före användning. Ett detaljerat protokoll för titrering av phospho-specifika antikroppar har varit beskrivs på annan plats12. Under panel design är övervägande av signal…
Divulgations
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
Detta arbete genomfördes i labbet av Professor Kjetil Taskén, och stöddes av de norska Cancerföreningen och Stiftelsen Kristian Gerhard Jebsen. Johannes Landskron och Marianne Enger erkänns för kritisk läsning av manuskriptet.
Materials
| RPMI 1640 GlutaMAX | ThermoFisher Scientific | 61870-010 | Cell culture medium |
| Fetal bovine serum | ThermoFisher Scientific | 10270169 | Additive to cell culture medium |
| Sodium pyruvate | ThermoFisher Scientific | 11360-039 | Additive to cell culture medium |
| MEM non-essential amino acids | ThermoFisher Scientific | 11140-035 | Additive to cell culture medium |
| Lymphoprep | Alere Technologies AS | 1114547 | Density gradient medium |
| Anti-IgM | Southern Biotech | 2022-01 | For stimulation of the B cell receptor |
| BD Phosflow Fix Buffer I | BD | 557870 | Fixation buffer |
| BD Phosflow Perm Buffer III | BD | 558050 | Permeabilization buffer |
| Alexa Fluor 488 5-TFP | ThermoFisher Scientific | A30005 | Barcoding reagent |
| Pacific Blue Succinimidyl Ester | ThermoFisher Scientific | P10163 | Barcoding reagent |
| Pacific Orange Succinimidyl Ester, Triethylammonium Salt | ThermoFisher Scientific | P30253 | Barcoding reagent |
| Compensation beads | Defined by user | Correct species reactivity | |
| Falcon tubes | Defined by user | ||
| Eppendorf tubes | Defined by user | ||
| 96 well V-bottom plates | Defined by user | Compatible with the flow cytometer | |
| Centrifuges | Defined by user | For Eppendorf tubes, Falcon tubes and plates | |
| Water bath | Defined by user | Temperature regulated | |
| Flow cytometer | Defined by user | With High Throughput Sampler (HTS) | |
| Name | Company | Catalog Number | Comments |
| Antigen | |||
| AKT (pS473) | Cell Signaling Technologies | 4075 | Clone: D9E Reference: Myhrvold et al., 2018, Single cell profiling of phospho-protein levels in.., Oncotarget, 9(10):9273-9284 Parente-Ribes et al., 2016, Spleen tyrosine kinase inhibitors reduce…, Haematologica, 101(2):e59-62 Skånland et al., 2014, T-cell co-stimulation through the CD2 and CD28…, Biochem J, 460(3):399-410 Kalland et al., 2012, Modulation of proximal signaling in normal and transformed…, Exp Cell Res, 318(14):1611-9 |
| ATF-2 (pT71) | Santa Cruz Biotechnology | sc-8398 | Clone: F-1 Reference: Skånland et al., 2014, T-cell co-stimulation through the CD2 and CD28…, Biochem J, 460(3):399-410 Pollheimer et al., 2013, Interleukin-33 drives a proinflammatory endothelial…, Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 33(2):e47-55 |
| BLNK (pY84) | Beckton Dickinson Pharmingen | 558443 | Clone: J117-1278 Reference: Myhrvold et al., 2018, Single cell profiling of phospho-protein levels in.., Oncotarget, 9(10):9273-9284 Parente-Ribes et al., 2016, Spleen tyrosine kinase inhibitors reduce…, Haematologica, 101(2):e59-62 Kalland et al., 2012, Modulation of proximal signaling in normal and transformed…, Exp Cell Res, 318(14):1611-9 Myklebust et al., 2017, Distinct patterns of B-cell receptor signaling in…, Blood, 129(6): 759-770 |
| Btk (pY223)/Itk (pY180) | Beckton Dickinson Pharmingen | 564846 | Clone: N35-86 Reference: Myklebust et al., 2017, Distinct patterns of B-cell receptor signaling in…, Blood, 129(6): 759-770 |
| Btk (pY551) | Beckton Dickinson Pharmingen | 558129 | Clone: 24a/BTK (Y551) Reference: Kalland et al., 2012, Modulation of proximal signaling in normal and transformed…, Exp Cell Res, 318(14):1611-9 |
| Btk (pY551)/Itk (pY511) | Beckton Dickinson Pharmingen | 558134 | Clone: 24a/BTK (Y551) Reference: Myhrvold et al., 2018, Single cell profiling of phospho-protein levels in.., Oncotarget, 9(10):9273-9284 Parente-Ribes et al., 2016, Spleen tyrosine kinase inhibitors reduce…, Haematologica, 101(2):e59-62 |
| CD3ζ (pY142) | Beckton Dickinson Pharmingen | 558489 | Clone: K25-407.69 Reference: Skånland et al., 2014, T-cell co-stimulation through the CD2 and CD28…, Biochem J, 460(3):399-410 |
| Histone H3 (pS10) | Cell Signaling Technologies | 9716 | Clone: D2C8 Reference: Myhrvold et al., 2018, Single cell profiling of phospho-protein levels in.., Oncotarget, 9(10):9273-9284 |
| IκBα | Cell Signaling Technologies | 5743 | Clone: L35A5 Reference: Myklebust et al., 2017, Distinct patterns of B-cell receptor signaling in…, Blood, 129(6): 759-770 |
| LAT (pY171) | Beckton Dickinson Pharmingen | 558518 | Clone: I58-1169 Reference: Skånland et al., 2014, T-cell co-stimulation through the CD2 and CD28…, Biochem J, 460(3):399-410 |
| Lck (pY505) | Beckton Dickinson Pharmingen | 558577 | Clone: 4/LCK-Y505 Reference: Myhrvold et al., 2018, Single cell profiling of phospho-protein levels in.., Oncotarget, 9(10):9273-9284 |
| MEK1 (pS298) | Beckton Dickinson Pharmingen | 560043 | Clone: J114-64 Reference: Myhrvold et al., 2018, Single cell profiling of phospho-protein levels in.., Oncotarget, 9(10):9273-9284 Skånland et al., 2014, T-cell co-stimulation through the CD2 and CD28…, Biochem J, 460(3):399-410 |
| NF-κB p65 (pS529) | Beckton Dickinson Pharmingen | 558422 | Clone: K10-895.12.50 Reference: Myhrvold et al., 2018, Single cell profiling of phospho-protein levels in.., Oncotarget, 9(10):9273-9284 Skånland et al., 2014, T-cell co-stimulation through the CD2 and CD28…, Biochem J, 460(3):399-410 Kalland et al., 2012, Modulation of proximal signaling in normal and transformed…, Exp Cell Res, 318(14):1611-9 Pollheimer et al., 2013, Interleukin-33 drives a proinflammatory endothelial…, Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 33(2):e47-55 |
| NF-κB p65 (pS536) | Cell Signaling Technologies | 4887 | Clone: 93H1 Reference: Myhrvold et al., 2018, Single cell profiling of phospho-protein levels in.., Oncotarget, 9(10):9273-9284 Skånland et al., 2014, T-cell co-stimulation through the CD2 and CD28…, Biochem J, 460(3):399-410 Kalland et al., 2012, Modulation of proximal signaling in normal and transformed…, Exp Cell Res, 318(14):1611-9 |
| p38 MAPK (pT180/Y182) | Cell Signaling Technologies | 4552 | Clone: 28B10 Reference: Myhrvold et al., 2018, Single cell profiling of phospho-protein levels in.., Oncotarget, 9(10):9273-9284 Skånland et al., 2014, T-cell co-stimulation through the CD2 and CD28…, Biochem J, 460(3):399-410 Pollheimer et al., 2013, Interleukin-33 drives a proinflammatory endothelial…, Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 33(2):e47-55 |
| p44/42 MAPK (pT202/Y204) | Cell Signaling Technologies | 4375 | Clone: E10 Reference: Myhrvold et al., 2018, Single cell profiling of phospho-protein levels in.., Oncotarget, 9(10):9273-9284 Parente-Ribes et al., 2016, Spleen tyrosine kinase inhibitors reduce…, Haematologica, 101(2):e59-62 Skånland et al., 2014, T-cell co-stimulation through the CD2 and CD28…, Biochem J, 460(3):399-410 Kalland et al., 2012, Modulation of proximal signaling in normal and transformed…, Exp Cell Res, 318(14):1611-9 Pollheimer et al., 2013, Interleukin-33 drives a proinflammatory endothelial…, Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 33(2):e47-55 |
| p53 (pS15) | Cell Signaling Technologies | NN | Clone: 16G8 Reference: Irish et al., 2007, Flt3 Y591 duplication and Bcl-2 overexpression…, Blood, 109(6):2589-96 |
| p53 (pS20) | Cell Signaling Technologies | NN | Clone: Polyclonal Reference: Irish et al., 2007, Flt3 Y591 duplication and Bcl-2 overexpression…, Blood, 109(6):2589-96 |
| p53 (pS37) | Cell Signaling Technologies | NN | Clone: Polyclonal Reference: Irish et al., 2007, Flt3 Y591 duplication and Bcl-2 overexpression…, Blood, 109(6):2589-96 |
| p53 (pS46) | Cell Signaling Technologies | NN | Clone: Polyclonal Reference: Irish et al., 2007, Flt3 Y591 duplication and Bcl-2 overexpression…, Blood, 109(6):2589-96 |
| p53 (pS392) | Cell Signaling Technologies | NN | Clone: Polyclonal Reference: Irish et al., 2007, Flt3 Y591 duplication and Bcl-2 overexpression…, Blood, 109(6):2589-96 |
| PLCγ2 (pY759) | Beckton Dickinson Pharmingen | 558498 | Clone: K86-689.37 Reference: Myhrvold et al., 2018, Single cell profiling of phospho-protein levels in.., Oncotarget, 9(10):9273-9284 Myklebust et al., 2017, Distinct patterns of B-cell receptor signaling in…, Blood, 129(6): 759-770 |
| Rb (pS807/pS811) | Beckton Dickinson Pharmingen | 558590 | Clone: J112-906 Reference: Myhrvold et al., 2018, Single cell profiling of phospho-protein levels in.., Oncotarget, 9(10):9273-9284 Pollheimer et al., 2013, Interleukin-33 drives a proinflammatory endothelial…, Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 33(2):e47-55 |
| S6-Ribos. Prot. (pS235/236) | Cell Signaling Technologies | 4851 | Clone: D57.2.2E Reference: Myhrvold et al., 2018, Single cell profiling of phospho-protein levels in.., Oncotarget, 9(10):9273-9284 |
| SAPK/JNK (pT183/Y185) | Cell Signaling Technologies | 9257 | Clone: G9 Reference: Myhrvold et al., 2018, Single cell profiling of phospho-protein levels in.., Oncotarget, 9(10):9273-9284 Pollheimer et al., 2013, Interleukin-33 drives a proinflammatory endothelial…, Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 33(2):e47-55 |
| SLP76 (pY128) | Beckton Dickinson Pharmingen | 558438 | Clone: J141-668.36.58 Reference: Skånland et al., 2014, T-cell co-stimulation through the CD2 and CD28…, Biochem J, 460(3):399-410 |
| STAT1 (pY701) | Beckton Dickinson Pharmingen | 612597 | Clone: 4a Reference: Myhrvold et al., 2018, Single cell profiling of phospho-protein levels in.., Oncotarget, 9(10):9273-9284 Myklebust et al., 2017, Distinct patterns of B-cell receptor signaling in…, Blood, 129(6): 759-770 |
| STAT3 (pY705) | Beckton Dickinson Pharmingen | 557815 | Clone: 4/P-STAT3 Reference: Myhrvold et al., 2018, Single cell profiling of phospho-protein levels in.., Oncotarget, 9(10):9273-9284 |
| STAT4 (pY693) | Zymed/ThermoFisher Scientific | 71-7900 | Clone: Polyclonal Reference: Uzel et al., 2001, Detection of intracellular phosphorylated STAT-4 by flow cytometry, Clin Immunol, 100(3): 270-6 |
| STAT5 (pY694) | Beckton Dickinson Pharmingen | 612599 | Clone: 47/Stat5(pY694) Reference: Myhrvold et al., 2018, Single cell profiling of phospho-protein levels in.., Oncotarget, 9(10):9273-9284 Skånland et al., 2014, T-cell co-stimulation through the CD2 and CD28…, Biochem J, 460(3):399-410 Myklebust et al., 2017, Distinct patterns of B-cell receptor signaling in…, Blood, 129(6): 759-770 |
| STAT6 (pY641) | Beckton Dickinson Pharmingen | 612601 | Clone: 18/P-Stat6 Reference: Myhrvold et al., 2018, Single cell profiling of phospho-protein levels in.., Oncotarget, 9(10):9273-9284 |
| SYK (pY525/Y526) | Cell Signaling Technologies | 12081 | Clone: C87C1 Reference: Myhrvold et al., 2018, Single cell profiling of phospho-protein levels in.., Oncotarget, 9(10):9273-9284 Parente-Ribes et al., 2016, Spleen tyrosine kinase inhibitors reduce…, Haematologica, 101(2):e59-62 |
| ZAP70/SYK (pY319/Y352) | Beckton Dickinson Pharmingen | 557817 | Clone: 17A/P-ZAP70 Reference: Skånland et al., 2014, T-cell co-stimulation through the CD2 and CD28…, Biochem J, 460(3):399-410 Kalland et al., 2012, Modulation of proximal signaling in normal and transformed…, Exp Cell Res, 318(14):1611-9 Myklebust et al., 2017, Distinct patterns of B-cell receptor signaling in…, Blood, 129(6): 759-770 |
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