Summary

RNA甲基转移酶活性分析的无抗体测定

Published: July 09, 2019
doi:

Summary

这里描述了一种无抗体的体外测定,用于直接分析合成或体外转录RNA上的甲基转移酶活性。

Abstract

RNA有100多个化学上不同的修饰,其中三分之二由甲基化组成。由于对RNA修饰,特别是甲基化的兴趣,由于在与疾病和癌症相关的生物过程中书写和清除酶所起的重要作用,重新出现了。这里提供了一种敏感的体外测定,用于准确分析RNA甲基化作家在合成或体外转录RNA上的活性。这种测定使用三聚体形式的S-腺苷-蛋氨酸,导致甲基化RNA直接贴上三聚糖标签。低能量的三聚能使该方法安全,而且预先存在的三聚物信号扩增方法,使得在不使用通常容易产生伪影的抗体的情况下,可以量化和可视化甲基化RNA。虽然这种方法是为RNA甲基化而编写的,但很少的调整使它适用于研究其他可放射性标记的RNA修饰,例如14 C乙酰辅酶A的RNA乙酰化。甲基化条件,抑制与小分子抑制剂,或RNA或酶突变体的作用,并提供一个强大的工具,以验证和扩大在细胞中取得的结果。

Introduction

脱氧核糖核酸、RNA和蛋白质受到严格调节基因表达1的修饰。在这些修饰中,甲基化发生在所有三种生物聚合物上。在过去的三十年里,DNA和蛋白质甲基化得到了很好的研究。相比之下,鉴于写、擦除或结合RNA甲基化的蛋白质在发育和疾病2中的重要作用,对RNA甲基化的兴趣直到最近才重新燃起。除了在丰富的核糖体和转移RNA中更知名的功能,RNA甲基化通路调节特定的信使RNA稳定性3,4,拼接5和翻译6,7,miRNA处理8,9和转录暂停和释放10,11。

这里报告了一种简单而可靠的方法,用于在分子生物学实验室的设置中对RNA甲基转移酶活性进行体外验证(如图1所示)。许多研究评估RNA甲基转移酶的活性,通过点斑点与抗体对RNA修饰的兴趣。然而,点泡在用RNA甲基转移酶孵育时不能验证RNA的完整性。这一点很重要,因为即使对核酸酶的重组蛋白进行轻微污染,也会导致部分RNA降解和混淆结果。此外,即使是高度特异性的RNA修饰抗体也能识别具有特定序列或结构的未修饰RNA。这里报道的体外RNA甲基转移酶测定利用了S-腺苷蛋氨酸可以在甲基组供体上三聚酯(图1)的事实,使得甲基化RNA在不使用抗体的情况下能够准确检测出来.提供在体外转录和纯化兴趣转录和测试该转录本的甲基化由感兴趣的酶。该方法灵活可靠,可根据任何给定项目的需求进行调整。例如,在体外转录和纯化RNA,化学合成RNA,也可以使用细胞RNA。此测定以闪烁计数的形式提供定量信息,并通过显示甲基化RNA在凝胶上的确切运行位置提供定性信息。这可以为RNA甲基转移酶的功能提供独特的见解,特别是在使用细胞RNA作为基质时,因为它提供了一种直接观察甲基化目标RNA或RNA的大小的方法。

Protocol

1. 靶着RNA的体外转录和凝胶纯化 使用既定的分子克隆技术12或试剂盒,将感兴趣的序列克隆成含有T7和/或SP6启动子的质粒。 为体外转录的DNA模板线性化 通过质粒的PCR放大感兴趣的序列,使用引物,通过插入物包括T7启动子区域,如前面描述的20-30 bp上游和下游。 或者,根据RE供应商提供的说明,使用限制酶(RE)切割部位在刀片?…

Representative Results

体外转录反应图 2A表示与 7SK snRNA 的 T7 RNA 聚合酶的体外转录反应的典型运行,该酶是相对较短(331 nt)和结构高度结构化的 RNA。如该原始图像所示,有多个不需要的波段,时间都短于 7SK,可能是随机转录启动或终止事件造成的。因此,体外转录反应后的凝胶纯化对于获得干净的RNA样本非常重要,如图2B所示。 此时,感兴趣…

Discussion

在这里,报告了一种简单而可靠的方法,用于对特定转录本进行RNA甲基转移酶活性的体外验证。该测定利用了S-腺苷可对甲基组供体进行三聚酯(图1)的事实,使得甲基化RNA在不使用抗体的情况下能够准确检测。然而,需要注意的是,这种测定不能指示酶甲基化的残留物或化学组。为了识别或验证特定残留物是否甲基化,其他方法,如突变分析、逆转录块或RNA基质谱分析,可与RNA甲基转移…

Divulgations

The authors have nothing to disclose.

Acknowledgements

作者要感谢图里亚·坎蒂·德布纳特博士对ChemDraw的帮助。Xhemalée 实验室的研究得到国防部 – 国会指导医学研究计划 – 乳腺癌突破奖 (W81XWH-16-1-0352), NIH 格兰特 R01 GM127802 和细胞和研究所的启动资金支持美国奥斯汀得克萨斯大学分子生物学和自然科学学院。

Materials

10 bp DNA Ladder Invitrogen 10821-015 10 bp DNA Ladder kit.
10% Ammonium Persulfate (APS)  N/A N/A For urea denaturing polyacrylamide gel (For 10 mL, dissolve 1g in 8 mL of milliQ water; adjust volume to 10 mL with milliQ water; filter the solution using a 10 mL syringe equiped with a 0.45 µm filter).
10X TBE Buffer N/A N/A For urea denaturing polyacrylamide gel (For 1L, add 108 g of Tris Base, 55 g of Boric Acid to a cylinder with a stir bar; add 800 mL of distilled water and let dissolve; add 40mL of 0.5 M Na2EDTA (pH 8.0); adjust volume to 1L with milliQ water; filter the solution using a 0.22µm filter).
10X TBS N/A N/A For 1L, add 60.5 g of Tris Base, 87.6 g of NaCl to a cylinder with a stir bar; add 800 mL of distilled water and let dissolve; adjust pH to 7.5 with concentrated HCl; adjust volume to 1L with milliQ water; filter the solution using a 0.22 µm filter. 
Acrylamide: Bis-Acrylamide 29:1 (40% Solution/Electrophoresis), Fisher BioReagents Fisher BP1408-1 For urea denaturing polyacrylamide gel.
ADENOSYL-L-METHIONINE, S-[METHYL-3H]; (SAM[3H]) Perkin Elmer NET155V250UC For in vitro methylation of RNA; Concentration = 1.0 mCi/mL; Specific activity = 17.1 Ci/mmol; Molarity=
(1.0 Ci/L)/(83.2 Ci/mmol) = 0.0584 mmol/L = 58.4 µM.   Upon receipt of the frozen 3H-SAM tube, thaw it at 4°C, make 20 µL aliquots, and freeze them at -30°C. Never refreeze and reuse a partially used aliquot.
Amersham Hypercassette Autoradiography Cassettes GE Healthcare RPN11649 For autoradiogram gel exposure.
Amersham Hyperfilm MP GE Healthcare 28906846 For autoradiogram gel exposure.
Beckman Scintillation Counter Beckman LS6500 For liquid scintillation count.
Biorad Mini Horizontal Electrophoresis System Biorad 1704466 Mini Horizontal Electrophoresis System.
cOmplete Mini EDTA-free Protease Inhibitor Cocktail Tablets Roche Applied Science 4693159001 For a 20X solution, dissolve 1 tablet in 0.525 mL of nuclease free water.
Criterion Cell Biorad 345-9902 RNase free empty cassette for polyacrylamide gel.
Criterion empty Cassettes Biorad 1656001 Vertical midi-format electrophoresis cell.
DeNovix DS-11 Microvolume Spectrophotometer DeNovix DS-11-S Microvolume Spectrophotometer for measuring DNA and RNA concentration.
Ecoscint Original National Diagnostics LS-271 For liquid scintillation count.
Fisherbrand 7mL HDPE Scintillation Vials Fisher 03-337-1 For liquid scintillation count.
Fluoro-Hance-Quick Acting Autoradiography Enhancer RPI CORP 112600 For autoradiogram gel pretreatment.
Gel dryer Biorad 1651745 For drying gel.
Gel Loading Buffer II Ambion AM8547 For loading RNA in denaturing polyacrylamide urea gel (composition: 95% Formamide, 18 mM EDTA, and 0.025% SDS, Xylene Cyanol, and Bromophenol Blue).
GeneCatcher disposable gel excision tips Gel Company NC9431993 For removing bands from agarose and polyacrylamide gels.
Megascript Kit Ambion AM1333 For in vitro transcription with T7 RNA polymerase. 
Perfectwestern Extralarge Container Genhunter Corporation NC9226382 (clear)/ NC9965364 (black) Gel staining box.
pRZ Addgene #27663 Plasmid for producing in vitro transcripts with homogeneous ends
Qiagen RNeasy MinElute Cleanup Qiagen 74204 For RNA clean-up, use modified protocol provided in the protocol.
QIAquick Gel Extraction Kit (50) Qiagen 28704 Kit for gel extraction and clean up of dsDNA fragment used for in vitro transcription.
Saran Premium Plastic Wrap Saran Wrap Amazon For drying gel.
SYBR Gold Invitrogen S11494 Ultra sensitive nucleic acid gel stain.
SYBR Safe Invitrogen S33102 Nucleic acid gel stain.
TE Sigma 93283-100ML 10 mM Tris-HCl, 1 mM disodium EDTA, pH 8.0
TEMED Fisher 110-18-9 For urea denaturing polyacrylamide gel.
Thermomixer with SMARTBLOCK 24X 1.5mL TUBES eppendorf 5382000023/5361000038 For temperature controlled incubation of 1.5 mL tubes.
TOPO TA Cloning Kit life technologies Kits for fast cloning of Taq polymerase–amplified PCR products into vectors containing T7 and/or SP6 promoters for in vitro RNA transcription.
TURBO DNase (2 U⁄µL) Ambion AM2238 For DNA removal from in vitro transcription reactions.
Urea Sigma 51456-500G For urea denaturing polyacrylamide gel.
Whatman 3MM paper GE Healthcare 3030-154 Chromatography paper for drying gel.

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Shelton, S. B., Xhemalce, B. Antibody-Free Assay for RNA Methyltransferase Activity Analysis. J. Vis. Exp. (149), e59856, doi:10.3791/59856 (2019).

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