Summary

Um ensaio ex vivo para estudar candida albicans Hórgênese Háfal no Trato Gastrointestinal

Published: July 01, 2020
doi:

Summary

O ensaio ex vivo descrito neste estudo utilizando extratos de homogeneização intestinal e coloração de imunofluorescência representa um novo método para examinar a morfogênese húfa de Candida albicans no trato GI. Este método pode ser utilizado para investigar os sinais ambientais que regulam a transição morfogenética no intestino.

Abstract

A morfogênese húfala candida albicans no trato gastrointestinal (GI) é fortemente controlada por vários sinais ambientais, e desempenha um papel importante na disseminação e patogênese deste patógeno fúngico oportunista. No entanto, os métodos para visualizar a hifa fúngica no trato GI in vivo são desafiadores, o que limita a compreensão dos sinais ambientais no controle desse processo de morfogênese. O protocolo aqui descrito demonstra um novo método ex vivo para visualização da morfogênese hifal em extratos homogeneizados intestinais. Usando um ensaio ex vivo, este estudo demonstra que o conteúdo cecal de camundongos tratados com antibióticos, mas não de camundongos de controle não tratados, promovem a morfogênese háfagênese C. albicans no conteúdo intestinal. Além disso, adicionar de volta grupos específicos de metabólitos intestinais ao conteúdo cecal de camundongos tratados com antibióticos regula diferencialmente a morfogênese hifalina ex vivo. Em conjunto, este protocolo representa um novo método para identificar e investigar os sinais ambientais que controlam a morfogênese húfa cofálica no trato GI.

Introduction

Candida albicans é um patógeno fúngico oportunista e polimórfico que normalmente é commensal, mas pode sofrer uma alteração morfológica em uma forma virulenta capaz de causar infecções fatais em indivíduos imunocomprometidos1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13. C. albicans é uma das principais causas de infecções nosocomiais sistêmicas, com uma taxa de mortalidade de 40\u201260% mesmo com tratamento antifúngico2,14,15. Embora os albicanos residam em diferentes nichos hospedeiros, incluindo o sistema reprodutivo feminino16,17, a cavidade oral de indivíduos saudáveis18 e o trato gastrointestinal (GI)19,20, a maioria das infecções sistêmicas originárias do trato GI e, além disso, a fonte de infecção sistêmica é frequentemente confirmada como o trato GI21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34. C. a patogenicidade dos albicanos no trato GI é influenciada por uma ampla gama de fatores; no entanto, uma característica importante necessária para a virulência é a transição de uma morfologia celular levedura para uma morfologia de células hífas virulenta35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44. C. o apego e disseminação do trato de GI durante a infecção está altamente associado à sua capacidade de transição de uma levedura commensal para hifa virulenta, permitindo que os fungos causem doença invasiva44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53.

Uma variedade de fatores no intestino, incluindo n-acetilglucosamina, regulam a formação hifáfal por C. albicans. Portanto, é crucial diminuir a lacuna de conhecimento sobre a morfogênese hifal deste patógeno fúngico no trato GI54,55,56. Evidências recentes indicam que vários metabólitos intestinais controlam diferencialmente a morfogênese háfa de C. albicans in vitro57,58,59,60. No entanto, as restrições técnicas apresentam problemas ao tentar estudar a formação de c. albicans hyphae em amostras in vivo, especialmente a coloração de leveduras e células de higia e análise quantitativa do desenvolvimento de higificos. Para entender a morfogênese hábica de C. albicans no trato GI, um método ex vivo foi desenvolvido utilizando extratos solúveis de conteúdo intestinal homogeneizado de camundongos para estudar o efeito de metabólitos na morfogênese húfa fúngica. Utilizando amostras intestinais de camundongos resistentes e suscetíveis à infecção por C. albicans GI, este método ajudará a identificar e estudar o efeito de metabólitos, antibióticos e xenobióticos na morfogênese húfa fúngica no trato GI.

Protocol

Todos os protocolos de animais foram aprovados pelo Comitê Institucional de Cuidados e Uso de Animais da Universidade do Centro-Oeste (IACUC), conforme descrito antesde 57. O Comitê Institucional de Cuidados e Uso de Animais da Universidade do Centro-Oeste aprovou este estudo sob o Protocolo MWU IACUC #2894. As políticas de atenção animal da MWU seguem a Política de Atenção e Uso de Animais de Laboratório do Serviço Público de Saúde (PHS) e as políticas previstas na Lei de Bem-Estar A…

Representative Results

Esses resultados, juntamente com os achados anteriores do laboratório Thangamani60, indicam que quando os albicanos são cultivados ex vivo em extratos homogeneizados intestinais retirados do estômago, intestinos delgados e intestinos grandes de controle não tratado e camundongos tratados com antibióticos, C. albicans geralmente se desenvolve com uma morfologia de levedura(Figura 1B). No entanto, quando cultivados no extrato cecal de camundon…

Discussion

O método descrito aqui apresenta uma nova maneira de investigar o efeito de antibióticos, impactos dietéticos, xenobióticos e terapêuticos na morfogênese hífa de C. albicans no trato GI. Uma vez que a maioria das infecções sistêmicas se origina do trato GI21,22,23,24,25,26,27</s…

Divulgations

The authors have nothing to disclose.

Acknowledgements

Os autores reconhecem recursos e apoio da instalação de pesquisa de núcleos celulares e moleculares da Universidade do Centro-Oeste.

Materials

1 – 10 µL Pipet Tips Fisher Scientific 02-707-454 Misc
100 – 1000 µL Pipet Tips Fisher Scientific 02-707-400 Misc
20 – 200 µL Pipet Tips Fisher Scientific 02-707-451 Misc
2-methylbutyric acid Sigma 193070-25G hyphal-inhibitory compound
488 goat anti-rabbit IgG Invitrogen (Fisher) A11008 IF Staining secondary ab
Agar Fisher BP1423-500 YPD agar component
Automated Imaging Microscope Keyence BZX700
Candida Albicans Antibody Invitrogen (Fisher) PA1-27158 IF Staining primary ab
cefoperazone Cayman 16113 antibiotic
deoxycholic acid Sigma 30960 hyphal-inhibitory compound
D-Glucose Fisher D16-500 hyphal-promoting compound
forceps Fisher 08-885
lactic acid Alfa Aesar AAAL13242-06 hyphal-inhibitory compound
lithocholic acid Sigma L6250-10G hyphal-inhibitory compound
palmitic acid Sigma P5585-10G hyphal-inhibitory compound
Paraformaldehyde Alfa Aesar A11313 IF Staining fixative
Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), 10x Alfa Aesar J62692 PBS component
p-tolylacetic acid SCBT sc-257959 hyphal-inhibitory compound
sebacic acid Sigma 283258-250G hyphal-inhibitory compound
sharp ended scissors Fisher 28301
sterile Milli-Q water N/A N/A Misc
YPD Broth BD Biosciences 242810 YPD agar component

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Monasky, R., Villa, S., Thangamani, S. An Ex vivo Assay to Study Candida albicans Hyphal Morphogenesis in the Gastrointestinal Tract. J. Vis. Exp. (161), e61488, doi:10.3791/61488 (2020).

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