力に敏感な素子のナノメカニカル測定のための高速磁気ピンセット
1Department of Physics,Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 2School of Biological Sciences,Seoul National University, 3Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics,Seoul National University, 4School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering,Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)
Summary
ここでは、力に敏感な生体分子を最大1.2kHzの速度でナノメカニカル測定を行う高速磁気ピンセットのセットアップについて説明します。モデル系としてDNAヘアピンやSNARE複合体への応用を紹介しますが、メカノバイオイベントに関与する他の分子にも応用できます。
Abstract
1分子磁気ピンセット(MT)は、核酸やタンパク質などの生体分子を強制的に調べるための強力なツールとして機能しており、メカノバイオロジーの分野で役立つ態勢を整えています。この方法は一般に磁気ビーズの画像ベースの追跡に依存しているため、画像の記録と分析の速度制限、およびビーズの熱変動は、標的分子の小さくて速い構造変化を観察するためのその応用を長い間妨げてきました。本稿では、生体分子とその複合体のナノスケール、ミリ秒のダイナミクスを解析できる高分解能MTセットアップの構築と操作の詳細な方法について説明します。応用例として、DNAヘアピンやSNARE複合体(膜融合機構)を用いた実験を、ピコノートンスケールの力の存在下でそれらの過渡状態や遷移をどのように検出できるかに焦点を当てて説明します。今後も高速MTにより、細胞内の力を感知・伝達・発生する分子の高精度なナノメカニカル計測が可能となり、メカノバイオロジーの分子レベルでの理解が深まることが期待されます。
Introduction
細胞は機械的刺激を積極的に感知し、反応します。そうすることで、多くの生体分子は力に依存する特性を示し、動的な構造変化を可能にします。よく知られている例としては、機械感受性イオンチャネルや細胞骨格要素があり、周囲の環境から細胞に重要な機械的情報を提供します。
また、独特の力を持つ性質を示す分子も、より広い意味で機械感受性と見なすことができます。例えば、核酸二本鎖の局所的な形成と融解、およびG-quadruplexなどの高次構造は、複製、転写、組換え、そして最近ではゲノム編集において重要な役割を果たします。さらに、シナプスコミュニケーションに関与するいくつかのニューロンタンパク質は、典型的な分子間相互作用のレベルを超える物理的な力を生成することによってそれらの機能を果たす。いずれの例を用いても、関与する生体分子のナノメカニクスを高い時空間精度で調べることは、関連するメカノバイオロジカルプロセスの分子メカニズムを明らかにする上で非常に有用であることがわかります1,2,3。
単一分子力分光法は、生体分子の機械的特性を調べるための強力なツールとして役立っています2,4,5,6。核酸やタンパク質の構造変化を力を加えると同時にモニタリングし、力依存性を調べることができます。よく知られている2つのセットアップは、光ピンセットと磁気ピンセット(MT)で、ミクロンサイズのビーズを使用して分子を操作します5,6,7,8。これらのプラットフォームでは、ポリスチレン(光ピンセット用)または磁気ビーズ(MT用)は、通常は二本鎖DNA(dsDNA)の短い断片でできている分子「ハンドル」を介して標的分子(核酸やタンパク質など)につながれています。次に、ビーズを動かして力を加え、画像化して、標的分子の構造変化を報告するビーズの位置を追跡します。光ピンセットと磁気ピンセットは、その用途ではほぼ互換性がありますが、力を制御するためのアプローチには重要な違いがあります。光ピンセットは、ビーズを所定の位置にトラップする本質的に位置クランプ装置であり、ターゲット構造の形状が変化すると、加えられる力が変動します。展開などによる伸展の増加は、テザーを緩めて張力を低下させ、逆もまた同様です。光ピンセットの力を制御するためにアクティブフィードバックを実装することができますが、MTは自然にフォースクランプデバイスとして動作し、永久磁石による安定した遠方界磁力を利用して、環境の摂動にも耐えることができます。
MTは、その長い歴史とシンプルな設計にもかかわらず、主に高速ビードトラッキングの技術的課題のために、高精度測定へのアプリケーションにおいて光ピンセットに遅れをとっています。しかし、最近では、いくつかのグループが共同でMT機器のハードウェアとソフトウェアの両方の多面的な改善を主導しています2,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19 .本研究では、1.2kHzで動作するこのようなセットアップの例を紹介し、それを使用して力に敏感な生体分子のナノメカニカル測定を実行する方法について説明します。モデルシステムとして、DNAヘアピンと神経細胞SNARE複合体を用いて、ピコニュートンレジームにおけるそれらの速い構造変化を調べます。DNAヘアピンは、明確に定義された力範囲20,21で単純な2状態遷移を示すため、ピンセットセットアップの性能を検証するためのおもちゃモデルとして機能します。SNAREタンパク質は、膜融合22を駆動する力に敏感な複合体に集合するため、単一分子力分光法14、23、24、25によっても広く研究されています。データを分析し、熱力学と動力学に関する有用な情報を抽出するための標準的なアプローチが提示されています。この記事が、メカノバイオロジー研究における高精度MTの採用を促進し、読者が関心のある独自の力に敏感なシステムを探求するように動機付けることを願っています。
Protocol
このプロトコルに記載されているすべての材料と機器は、 材料の表に記載されています。以下に説明する高速MTセットアップを操作するためのLabVIEWソフトウェア、およびサンプルデータを解析するためのMATLABスクリプトは、GitHub(https://github.com/ShonLab/Magnetic-Tweezers)に公開されています。 1. 装置構成 注:高速MT構造の一般原理は?…
Representative Results
力のキャリブレーション2つの力測定方法(ビーズの横方向変位分散とパワースペクトル分析)の結果は、0〜2pN異なりました(図2G)。 図2Fの結果によると、通常のネオジム磁石で最大30pNまで確実に到達できます。 8 bp DNAヘアピンの2状態遷移まず、短いDNAヘアピンのナノメカニクスを調べました(<strong…
Discussion
本研究では、生体分子の構造変化を高い時空間精度で観察できる1分子力分光装置を導入しました。高速CMOSカメラは、1,280 x 1,024の解像度で1,200フレーム– 1を取得し、1.2kHzのビーズトラッキングを可能にします。ただし、現在、測定速度はビーズトラッキングソフトウェアによって制限されているため、高速測定ではROIは通常、より小さな領域に低下します。SLDの高出力は、最大数kHzの…
Divulgations
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
この研究は、韓国政府(MSIT)が資金提供する韓国国立研究財団(NRF)の助成金(NRF-2022R1C1C1012176、NRF-2021R1A4A1031754、およびNRF-2021R1A6A1A10042944)の支援を受けました。S.-H.R.はNRF助成金(2021R1C1C2009717)の支援を受けました。
Materials
| Materials for construct synthesis | |||
| Agarose gel electrophoresis system | Advance | Mupid-2plus | |
| DNA ladder | Bioneer | D-1037 | |
| nTaq polymerase | Enzynomics | P050A | |
| PCR purification kit | LaboPass | CMR0112 | |
| PEGylated SMCC crosslinker / SM(PEG)2 | ThermoFisher Scientific | 22102 | For SNARE–DNA coupling |
| Primer B | Bioneer | 5'-Biotin/TCGCCACCATCATTTCCA-3' | For 5-kbp force calibration construct and DNA handles |
| Primer B_hp | IDT | 5'-Biotin/TTTTTTTTTTGTTCTCTATTT TTTTAGAGAAC /AP site/ /AP site/ TCGCCACCATCATTTCCA-3' |
For hairpin construct |
| Primer N | Bioneer | 5'-C6Amine/CATGTGGGTGACGCGAAA-3' | For DNA handles |
| Primer Z | Bioneer | 5'-Azide/TCGCCACCATCATTTCCA-3' | For DNA handles |
| Primer Z_5k | Bioneer | 5'-Azide/TTAGAGAGTATGGGTATATGACA TCG-3' |
For 5-kbp force calibration construct |
| Primer Z_hp | Bioneer | 5'-Azide/GTGGCAGCATGACACC-3' | For hairpin construct |
| SYBR Safe DNA Gel Stain | ThermoFisher Scientific | S33102 | |
| λ-DNA | Bioneer | D-2510 | Template strand for PCR |
| DNA sequences for SNARE proteins | |||
| 6×His-tagged SNAP-25b (2-206; capitalized) in pET28a | homemade | tggcgaatgggacgcgccctgtagcggcgca ttaagcgcggcgggtgtggtggttacgcgca gcgtgaccgctacacttgccagcgccctagc gcccgctcctttcgctttcttcccttccttt ctcgccacgttcgccggctttccccgtcaag ctctaaatcgggggctccctttagggttccg atttagtgctttacggcacctcgaccccaaa aaacttgattagggtgatggttcacgtagtg ggccatcgccctgatagacggtttttcgccc tttgacgttggagtccacgttctttaatagt ggactcttgttccaaactggaacaacactca accctatctcggtctattcttttgatttata agggattttgccgatttcggcctattggtta aaaaatgagctgatttaacaaaaatttaacg cgaattttaacaaaatattaacgtttacaat ttcaggtggcacttttcggggaaatgtgcgc ggaacccctatttgtttatttttctaaatac attcaaatatgtatccgctcatgaattaatt cttagaaaaactcatcgagcatcaaatgaaa ctgcaatttattcatatcaggattatcaata ccatatttttgaaaaagccgtttctgtaatg aaggagaaaactcaccgaggcagttccatag gatggcaagatcctggtatcggtctgcgatt ccgactcgtccaacatcaatacaacctatta atttcccctcgtcaaaaataaggttatcaag tgagaaatcaccatgagtgacgactgaatcc ggtgagaatggcaaaagtttatgcatttctt tccagacttgttcaacaggccagccattacg ctcgtcatcaaaatcactcgcatcaaccaaa ccgttattcattcgtgattgcgcctgagcga gacgaaatacgcgatcgctgttaaaaggaca attacaaacaggaatcgaatgcaaccggcgc aggaacactgccagcgcatcaacaatatttt cacctgaatcaggatattcttctaatacctg gaatgctgttttcccggggatcgcagtggtg agtaaccatgcatcatcaggagtacggataa aatgcttgatggtcggaagaggcataaattc cgtcagccagtttagtctgaccatctcatct gtaacatcattggcaacgctacctttgccat gtttcagaaacaactctggcgcatcgggctt cccatacaatcgatagattgtcgcacctgat tgcccgacattatcgcgagcccatttatacc catataaatcagcatccatgttggaatttaa tcgcggcctagagcaagacgtttcccgttga atatggctcataacaccccttgtattactgt ttatgtaagcagacagttttattgttcatga ccaaaatcccttaacgtgagttttcgttcca ctgagcgtcagaccccgtagaaaagatcaaa ggatcttcttgagatcctttttttctgcgcg taatctgctgcttgcaaacaaaaaaaccacc gctaccagcggtggtttgtttgccggatcaa gagctaccaactctttttccgaaggtaactg gcttcagcagagcgcagataccaaatactgt ccttctagtgtagccgtagttaggccaccac ttcaagaactctgtagcaccgcctacatacc tcgctctgctaatcctgttaccagtggctgc tgccagtggcgataagtcgtgtcttaccggg ttggactcaagacgatagttaccggataagg cgcagcggtcgggctgaacggggggttcgtg cacacagcccagcttggagcgaacgacctac accgaactgagatacctacagcgtgagctat gagaaagcgccacgcttcccgaagggagaaa ggcggacaggtatccggtaagcggcagggtc ggaacaggagagcgcacgagggagcttcca gggggaaacgcctggtatctttatagtcctgt cgggtttcgccacctctgacttgagcgtcga tttttgtgatgctcgtcaggggggcggagcc tatggaaaaacgccagcaacgcggccttttt acggttcctggccttttgctggccttttgct cacatgttctttcctgcgttatcccctgatt ctgtggataaccgtattaccgcctttgagtg agctgataccgctcgccgcagccgaacgacc gagcgcagcgagtcagtgagcgaggaagcgg aagagcgcctgatgcggtattttctccttac gcatctgtgcggtatttcacaccgcatatat ggtgcactctcagtacaatctgctctgatgc cgcatagttaagccagtatacactccgctat cgctacgtgactgggtcatggctgcgccccg acacccgccaacacccgctgacgcgccctga cgggcttgtctgctcccggcatccgcttaca gacaagctgtgaccgtctccgggagctgcat gtgtcagaggttttcaccgtcatcaccgaaa cgcgcgaggcagctgcggtaaagctcatcag cgtggtcgtgaagcgattcacagatgtctgc ctgttcatccgcgtccagctcgttgagtttc tccagaagcgttaatgtctggcttctgataa agcgggccatgttaagggcggttttttcctg tttggtcactgatgcctccgtgtaaggggga tttctgttcatgggggtaatgataccgatga aacgagagaggatgctcacgatacgggttac tgatgatgaacatgcccggttactggaacgt tgtgagggtaaacaactggcggtatggatgc ggcgggaccagagaaaaatcactcagggtc aatgccagcgcttcgttaatacagatgtaggt gttccacagggtagccagcagcatcctgcga tgcagatccggaacataatggtgcagggcgc tgacttccgcgtttccagactttacgaaaca cggaaaccgaagaccattcatgttgttgctc aggtcgcagacgttttgcagcagcagtcgct tcacgttcgctcgcgtatcggtgattcattc tgctaaccagtaaggcaaccccgccagccta gccgggtcctcaacgacaggagcacgatcat gcgcacccgtggggccgccatgccggcgata atggcctgcttctcgccgaaacgtttggtgg cgggaccagtgacgaaggcttgagcgagggc gtgcaagattccgaataccgcaagcgacagg ccgatcatcgtcgcgctccagcgaaagcggt cctcgccgaaaatgacccagagcgctgccgg cacctgtcctacgagttgcatgataaagaag acagtcataagtgcggcgacgatagtcatgc cccgcgcccaccggaaggagctgactgggtt gaaggctctcaagggcatcggtcgagatccc ggtgcctaatgagtgagctaacttacattaa ttgcgttgcgctcactgcccgctttccagtc gggaaacctgtcgtgccagctgcattaatga atcggccaacgcgcggggagaggcggtttgc gtattgggcgccagggtggtttttcttttca ccagtgagacgggcaacagctgattgccctt caccgcctggccctgagagagttgcagcaag cggtccacgctggtttgccccagcaggcgaa aatcctgtttgatggtggttaacggcgggat ataacatgagctgtcttcggtatcgtcgtat cccactaccgagatatccgcaccaacgcgca gcccggactcggtaatggcgcgcattgcgcc cagcgccatctgatcgttggcaaccagcatc gcagtgggaacgatgccctcattcagcattt gcatggtttgttgaaaaccggacatggcact ccagtcgccttcccgttccgctatcggctga atttgattgcgagtgagatatttatgccagc cagccagacgcagacgcgccgagacagaa cttaatgggcccgctaacagcgcgatttgctgg tgacccaatgcgaccagatgctccacgccca gtcgcgtaccgtcttcatgggagaaaataat actgttgatgggtgtctggtcagagacatca agaaataacgccggaacattagtgcaggcag cttccacagcaatggcatcctggtcatccag cggatagttaatgatcagcccactgacgcgt tgcgcgagaagattgtgcaccgccgctttac aggcttcgacgccgcttcgttctaccatcga caccaccacgctggcacccagttgatcggcg cgagatttaatcgccgcgacaatttgcgacg gcgcgtgcagggccagactggaggtggcaac gccaatcagcaacgactgtttgcccgccagt tgttgtgccacgcggttgggaatgtaattca gctccgccatcgccgcttccactttttcccg cgttttcgcagaaacgtggctggcctggttc accacgcgggaaacggtctgataagagacac cggcatactctgcgacatcgtataacgttac tggtttcacattcaccaccctgaattgactc tcttccgggcgctatcatgccataccgcgaa aggttttgcgccattcgatggtgtccgggat ctcgacgctctcccttatgcgactcctgcat taggaagcagcccagtagtaggttgaggccg ttgagcaccgccgccgcaaggaatggtgcat gcaaggagatggcgcccaacagtcccccggc cacggggcctgccaccatacccacgccgaaa caagcgctcatgagcccgaagtggcgagccc gatcttccccatcggtgatgtcggcgatata ggcgccagcaaccgcacctgtggcgccggtg atgccggccacgatgcgtccggcgtagagga tcgagatctcgatcccgcgaaattaatacga ctcactataggggaattgtgagcggataaca attcccctctagaaataattttgtttaactt taagaaggagatataccATGGGCAGC AGCCATCATCATCATCATCACA GCAGCGGCCTGGTGCCGCGC GGCAGCCATACTAGCGGAGAT ATCGCCGAGGACGCAGACAT GCGCAATGAGCTGGAGGAGA TGCAGAGGAGGGCTGACCAG CTGGCTGATGAGTCCCTGGA AAGCACCCGTCGCATGCTGC AGCTGGTTGAAGAGAGTAAA GATGCTGGCATCAGGACTTT GGTTATGTTGGATGAGCAAG GCGAACAACTGGAACGCATT GAGGAAGGGATGGACCAAAT CAATAAGGACATGAAAGAAG CAGAAAAGAATTTGACGGAC CTAGGAAAATTCGCCGGCCT TGCCGTGGCCCCCGCCAAC AAGCTTAAATCCAGTGATGC TTACAAAAAAGCCTGGGGC AATAATCAGGATGGAGTAGT GGCCAGCCAGCCTGCCCG TGTGGTGGATGAACGGGAG CAGATGGCCATCAGTGGTG GCTTCATCCGCAGGGTAAC AAATGATGCCCGGGAAAAT GAGATGGATGAGAACCTG GAGCAGGTGAGCGGCATC ATCGGAAACCTCCGCCAC ATGGCTCTAGACATGGGCA ATGAGATTGACACCCAGA ATCGCCAGATCGACAGGA TCATGGAGAAGGCTGATT CCAACAAAACCAGAATTG ATGAAGCCAACCAACGTG CAACAAAGATGCTGGGAA GTGGTTAAggatccgaattcgag ctccgtcgacaagcttgcggccgcactc gagcaccaccaccaccaccactgagat ccggctgctaacaaagcccgaaagga agctgagttggctgctgccaccgctgag caataactagcataaccccttggggcct ctaaacgggtcttgaggggttttttgctga aaggaggaactatatccggat |
|
| 6×His-tagged VAMP2 (2-97, L32C/I97C; capitalized) in pET28a | homemade | tggcgaatgggacgcgccctgtagcggcgca ttaagcgcggcgggtgtggtggttacgcgca gcgtgaccgctacacttgccagcgccctagc gcccgctcctttcgctttcttcccttccttt ctcgccacgttcgccggctttccccgtcaag ctctaaatcgggggctccctttagggttccg atttagtgctttacggcacctcgaccccaaa aaacttgattagggtgatggttcacgtagtg ggccatcgccctgatagacggtttttcgccc tttgacgttggagtccacgttctttaatagt ggactcttgttccaaactggaacaacactca accctatctcggtctattcttttgatttata agggattttgccgatttcggcctattggtta aaaaatgagctgatttaacaaaaatttaacg cgaattttaacaaaatattaacgtttacaat ttcaggtggcacttttcggggaaatgtgcgc ggaacccctatttgtttatttttctaaatac attcaaatatgtatccgctcatgaattaatt cttagaaaaactcatcgagcatcaaatgaaa ctgcaatttattcatatcaggattatcaata ccatatttttgaaaaagccgtttctgtaatg aaggagaaaactcaccgaggcagttccatag gatggcaagatcctggtatcggtctgcgatt ccgactcgtccaacatcaatacaacctatta atttcccctcgtcaaaaataaggttatcaag tgagaaatcaccatgagtgacgactgaatcc ggtgagaatggcaaaagtttatgcatttctt tccagacttgttcaacaggccagccattacg ctcgtcatcaaaatcactcgcatcaaccaaa ccgttattcattcgtgattgcgcctgagcga gacgaaatacgcgatcgctgttaaaaggaca attacaaacaggaatcgaatgcaaccggcgc aggaacactgccagcgcatcaacaatatttt cacctgaatcaggatattcttctaatacctg gaatgctgttttcccggggatcgcagtggtg agtaaccatgcatcatcaggagtacggataa aatgcttgatggtcggaagaggcataaattc cgtcagccagtttagtctgaccatctcatct gtaacatcattggcaacgctacctttgccat gtttcagaaacaactctggcgcatcgggctt cccatacaatcgatagattgtcgcacctgat tgcccgacattatcgcgagcccatttatacc catataaatcagcatccatgttggaatttaa tcgcggcctagagcaagacgtttcccgttga atatggctcataacaccccttgtattactgt ttatgtaagcagacagttttattgttcatga ccaaaatcccttaacgtgagttttcgttcca ctgagcgtcagaccccgtagaaaagatcaaa ggatcttcttgagatcctttttttctgcgcg taatctgctgcttgcaaacaaaaaaaccacc gctaccagcggtggtttgtttgccggatcaa gagctaccaactctttttccgaaggtaactg gcttcagcagagcgcagataccaaatactgt ccttctagtgtagccgtagttaggccaccac ttcaagaactctgtagcaccgcctacatacc tcgctctgctaatcctgttaccagtggctgc tgccagtggcgataagtcgtgtcttaccggg ttggactcaagacgatagttaccggataagg cgcagcggtcgggctgaacggggggttcgtg cacacagcccagcttggagcgaacgacctac accgaactgagatacctacagcgtgagctatg agaaagcgccacgcttcccgaagggagaaa ggcggacaggtatccggtaagcggcagggtc ggaacaggagagcgcacgagggagcttcca gggggaaacgcctggtatctttatagtcctgt cgggtttcgccacctctgacttgagcgtcga tttttgtgatgctcgtcaggggggcggagcc tatggaaaaacgccagcaacgcggccttttt acggttcctggccttttgctggccttttgct cacatgttctttcctgcgttatcccctgatt ctgtggataaccgtattaccgcctttgagtg agctgataccgctcgccgcagccgaacgacc gagcgcagcgagtcagtgagcgaggaagc ggaagagcgcctgatgcggtattttctccttac gcatctgtgcggtatttcacaccgcatatat ggtgcactctcagtacaatctgctctgatgc cgcatagttaagccagtatacactccgctat cgctacgtgactgggtcatggctgcgccccg acacccgccaacacccgctgacgcgccctga cgggcttgtctgctcccggcatccgcttaca gacaagctgtgaccgtctccgggagctgcat gtgtcagaggttttcaccgtcatcaccgaaa cgcgcgaggcagctgcggtaaagctcatcag cgtggtcgtgaagcgattcacagatgtctgc ctgttcatccgcgtccagctcgttgagtttc tccagaagcgttaatgtctggcttctgataa agcgggccatgttaagggcggttttttcctg tttggtcactgatgcctccgtgtaaggggga tttctgttcatgggggtaatgataccgatga aacgagagaggatgctcacgatacgggttac tgatgatgaacatgcccggttactggaacgt tgtgagggtaaacaactggcggtatggatgc ggcgggaccagagaaaaatcactcagggtc aatgccagcgcttcgttaatacagatgtaggt gttccacagggtagccagcagcatcctgcga tgcagatccggaacataatggtgcagggcgc tgacttccgcgtttccagactttacgaaaca cggaaaccgaagaccattcatgttgttgctc aggtcgcagacgttttgcagcagcagtcgct tcacgttcgctcgcgtatcggtgattcattc tgctaaccagtaaggcaaccccgccagccta gccgggtcctcaacgacaggagcacgatcat gcgcacccgtggggccgccatgccggcgata atggcctgcttctcgccgaaacgtttggtgg cgggaccagtgacgaaggcttgagcgagggc gtgcaagattccgaataccgcaagcgacagg ccgatcatcgtcgcgctccagcgaaagcggt cctcgccgaaaatgacccagagcgctgccgg cacctgtcctacgagttgcatgataaagaag acagtcataagtgcggcgacgatagtcatgc cccgcgcccaccggaaggagctgactgggtt gaaggctctcaagggcatcggtcgagatccc ggtgcctaatgagtgagctaacttacattaa ttgcgttgcgctcactgcccgctttccagtc gggaaacctgtcgtgccagctgcattaatga atcggccaacgcgcggggagaggcggtttgc gtattgggcgccagggtggtttttcttttca ccagtgagacgggcaacagctgattgccctt caccgcctggccctgagagagttgcagcaag cggtccacgctggtttgccccagcaggcgaa aatcctgtttgatggtggttaacggcgggat ataacatgagctgtcttcggtatcgtcgtat cccactaccgagatatccgcaccaacgcgca gcccggactcggtaatggcgcgcattgcgcc cagcgccatctgatcgttggcaaccagcatc gcagtgggaacgatgccctcattcagcattt gcatggtttgttgaaaaccggacatggcact ccagtcgccttcccgttccgctatcggctga atttgattgcgagtgagatatttatgccagc cagccagacgcagacgcgccgagacagaa cttaatgggcccgctaacagcgcgatttgctgg tgacccaatgcgaccagatgctccacgccca gtcgcgtaccgtcttcatgggagaaaataat actgttgatgggtgtctggtcagagacatca agaaataacgccggaacattagtgcaggcag cttccacagcaatggcatcctggtcatccag cggatagttaatgatcagcccactgacgcgt tgcgcgagaagattgtgcaccgccgctttac aggcttcgacgccgcttcgttctaccatcga caccaccacgctggcacccagttgatcggcg cgagatttaatcgccgcgacaatttgcgacg gcgcgtgcagggccagactggaggtggcaac gccaatcagcaacgactgtttgcccgccagt tgttgtgccacgcggttgggaatgtaattca gctccgccatcgccgcttccactttttcccg cgttttcgcagaaacgtggctggcctggttc accacgcgggaaacggtctgataagagacac cggcatactctgcgacatcgtataacgttac tggtttcacattcaccaccctgaattgactc tcttccgggcgctatcatgccataccgcgaa aggttttgcgccattcgatggtgtccgggat ctcgacgctctcccttatgcgactcctgcat taggaagcagcccagtagtaggttgaggccg ttgagcaccgccgccgcaaggaatggtgcat gcaaggagatggcgcccaacagtcccccggc cacggggcctgccaccatacccacgccgaaa caagcgctcatgagcccgaagtggcgagccc gatcttccccatcggtgatgtcggcgatata ggcgccagcaaccgcacctgtggcgccggtg atgccggccacgatgcgtccggcgtagagga tcgagatctcgatcccgcgaaattaatacga ctcactataggggaattgtgagcggataaca attcccctctagaaataattttgtttaactt taagaaggagatataccATGGGCAGC AGCCATCATCATCATCATCAC AGCAGCGGCCTGGTGCCGC GCGGCAGCCATATGGCAGAT CTCTCGGCTACCGCTGCCAC CGTCCCGCCTGCCGCCCCG GCCGGCGAGGGTGGCCCCC CTGCACCTCCTCCAAATCTTA CCAGTAACAGGAGATGCCAG CAGACCCAGGCCCAGGTGG ATGAGGTGGTGGACATCATG AGGGTGAATGTGGACAAGGT CCTGGAGCGAGACCAGAAG CTATCGGAACTGGATGATCG CGCAGATGCCCTCCAGGCA GGGGCCTCCCAGTTTGAAA CAAGTGCAGCCAAGCTCAA GCGCAAATACTGGTGGAAA AACCTCAAGATGATGTGCTA Aggatccgaattcgagctccgtcg acaagcttgcggccgcactcgagcaccacca ccaccaccactgagatccggctgctaacaaa gcccgaaaggaagctgagttggctgctgcca ccgctgagcaataactagcataaccccttgg ggcctctaaacgggtcttgaggggttttttg ctgaaaggaggaactatatccggat |
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| 6×His-tagged ΔN-VAMP2 (49–96; capitalized) and Syntaxin-1A (191–267, I202C/I266C; capitalized) in pETDuet-1 | homemade | ggggaattgtgagcggataacaattcccctc tagaaataattttgtttaactttaagaagga gatataccATGGGCAGCAGCCATCA TCATCATCATCACAGCAGCGG CCTGGAAGTTCTGTTCCAGGG GCCCGGTAATGTGGACAAGGT CCTGGAGCGAGACCAGAAGCT ATCGGAACTGGATGATCGCGC AGATGCCCTCCAGGCAGGGGC CTCCCAGTTTGAAACAAGTGC AGCCAAGCTCAAGCGCAAATAC TGGTGGAAAAACCTCAAGATGAT GTAAgcggccgcataatgcttaagtcgaaca gaaagtaatcgtattgtacacggccgcataa tcgaaattaatacgactcactataggggaat tgtgagcggataacaattccccatcttagta tattagttaagtataagaaggagatatacat ATGGCCCTCAGTGAGATCGAGA CCAGGCACAGTGAGTGCATC AAGTTGGAGAACAGCATCCG GGAGCTACACGATATGTTCAT GGACATGGCCATGCTGGTGG AGAGCCAGGGGGAGATGATT GACAGGATCGAGTACAATGTG GAACACGCTGTGGACTACGTG GAGAGGGCCGTGTCTGACACC AAGAAGGCCGTCAAGTACCAG AGCAAGGCACGCAGGAAGAA GTGCATGATCTAActcgagtc tggtaaagaaaccgctgctgcgaaatttgaa cgccagcacatggactcgtctactagcgcag cttaattaacctaggctgctgccaccgctga gcaataactagcataaccccttggggcctct aaacgggtcttgaggggttttttgctgaaag gaggaactatatccggattggcgaatgggac gcgccctgtagcggcgcattaagcgcggcgg gtgtggtggttacgcgcagcgtgaccgctac acttgccagcgccctagcgcccgctcctttc gctttcttcccttcctttctcgccacgttcg ccggctttccccgtcaagctctaaatcgggg gctccctttagggttccgatttagtgcttta cggcacctcgaccccaaaaaacttgattagg gtgatggttcacgtagtgggccatcgccctg atagacggtttttcgccctttgacgttggag tccacgttctttaatagtggactcttgttcc aaactggaacaacactcaaccctatctcggt ctattcttttgatttataagggattttgccg atttcggcctattggttaaaaaatgagctga tttaacaaaaatttaacgcgaattttaacaa aatattaacgtttacaatttctggcggcacg atggcatgagattatcaaaaaggatcttcac ctagatccttttaaattaaaaatgaagtttt aaatcaatctaaagtatatatgagtaaactt ggtctgacagttaccaatgcttaatcagtga ggcacctatctcagcgatctgtctatttcgt tcatccatagttgcctgactccccgtcgtgt agataactacgatacgggagggcttaccatc tggccccagtgctgcaatgataccgcgagac ccacgctcaccggctccagatttatcagcaa taaaccagccagccggaagggccgagcgca gaagtggtcctgcaactttatccgcctccatc cagtctattaattgttgccgggaagctagag taagtagttcgccagttaatagtttgcgcaa cgttgttgccattgctacaggcatcgtggtg tcacgctcgtcgtttggtatggcttcattca gctccggttcccaacgatcaaggcgagttac atgatcccccatgttgtgcaaaaaagcggtt agctccttcggtcctccgatcgttgtcagaa gtaagttggccgcagtgttatcactcatggt tatggcagcactgcataattctcttactgtc atgccatccgtaagatgcttttctgtgactg gtgagtactcaaccaagtcattctgagaata gtgtatgcggcgaccgagttgctcttgcccg gcgtcaatacgggataataccgcgccacata gcagaactttaaaagtgctcatcattggaaa acgttcttcggggcgaaaactctcaaggatc ttaccgctgttgagatccagttcgatgtaac ccactcgtgcacccaactgatcttcagcatc ttttactttcaccagcgtttctgggtgagcaaa aacaggaaggcaaaatgccgcaaaaaagg gaataagggcgacacggaaatgttgaatact catactcttcctttttcaatcatgattgaag catttatcagggttattgtctcatgagcgga tacatatttgaatgtatttagaaaaataaac aaataggtcatgaccaaaatcccttaacgtg agttttcgttccactgagcgtcagaccccgt agaaaagatcaaaggatcttcttgagatcct ttttttctgcgcgtaatctgctgcttgcaaa caaaaaaaccaccgctaccagcggtggtttg tttgccggatcaagagctaccaactcttttt ccgaaggtaactggcttcagcagagcgcaga taccaaatactgtccttctagtgtagccgta gttaggccaccacttcaagaactctgtagca ccgcctacatacctcgctctgctaatcctgt taccagtggctgctgccagtggcgataagtc gtgtcttaccgggttggactcaagacgatag ttaccggataaggcgcagcggtcgggctgaa cggggggttcgtgcacacagcccagcttgga gcgaacgacctacaccgaactgagataccta cagcgtgagctatgagaaagcgccacgcttccc gaagggagaaaggcggacaggtatccggta agcggcagggtcggaacaggagagcgcac gagggagcttccagggggaaacgcctggtatc tttatagtcctgtcgggtttcgccacctctg acttgagcgtcgatttttgtgatgctcgtca ggggggcggagcctatggaaaaacgccagc aacgcggcctttttacggttcctggccttttg ctggccttttgctcacatgttctttcctgcg ttatcccctgattctgtggataaccgtatta ccgcctttgagtgagctgataccgctcgccgc agccgaacgaccgagcgcagcgagtcagtg agcgaggaagcggaagagcgcctgatgcgg tattttctccttacgcatctgtgcggtatttc acaccgcatatatggtgcactctcagtacaa tctgctctgatgccgcatagttaagccagta tacactccgctatcgctacgtgactgggtca tggctgcgccccgacacccgccaacacccgc tgacgcgccctgacgggcttgtctgctcccg gcatccgcttacagacaagctgtgaccgtct ccgggagctgcatgtgtcagaggttttcacc gtcatcaccgaaacgcgcgaggcagctgcgg taaagctcatcagcgtggtcgtgaagcgatt cacagatgtctgcctgttcatccgcgtccag ctcgttgagtttctccagaagcgttaatgtc tggcttctgataaagcgggccatgttaaggg cggttttttcctgtttggtcactgatgcctc cgtgtaagggggatttctgttcatgggggta atgataccgatgaaacgagagaggatgctca cgatacgggttactgatgatgaacatgcccg gttactggaacgttgtgagggtaaacaactg gcggtatggatgcggcgggaccagagaaaaa tcactcagggtcaatgccagcgcttcgttaa tacagatgtaggtgttccacagggtagccag cagcatcctgcgatgcagatccggaacataa tggtgcagggcgctgacttccgcgtttccag actttacgaaacacggaaaccgaagaccatt catgttgttgctcaggtcgcagacgttttgc agcagcagtcgcttcacgttcgctcgcgtat cggtgattcattctgctaaccagtaaggcaa ccccgccagcctagccgggtcctcaacgaca ggagcacgatcatgctagtcatgccccgcgc ccaccggaaggagctgactgggttgaaggct ctcaagggcatcggtcgagatcccggtgcct aatgagtgagctaacttacattaattgcgtt gcgctcactgcccgctttccagtcgggaaac ctgtcgtgccagctgcattaatgaatcggcc aacgcgcggggagaggcggtttgcgtattgg gcgccagggtggtttttcttttcaccagtga gacgggcaacagctgattgcccttcaccgcc tggccctgagagagttgcagcaagcggtcca cgctggtttgccccagcaggcgaaaatcctg tttgatggtggttaacggcgggatataacat gagctgtcttcggtatcgtcgtatcccacta ccgagatgtccgcaccaacgcgcagcccgga ctcggtaatggcgcgcattgcgcccagcgcc atctgatcgttggcaaccagcatcgcagtgg gaacgatgccctcattcagcatttgcatggt ttgttgaaaaccggacatggcactccagtcg ccttcccgttccgctatcggctgaatttgat tgcgagtgagatatttatgccagccagccag acgcagacgcgccgagacagaacttaatggg cccgctaacagcgcgatttgctggtgaccca atgcgaccagatgctccacgcccagtcgcgt accgtcttcatgggagaaaataatactgttg atgggtgtctggtcagagacatcaagaaata acgccggaacattagtgcaggcagcttccac agcaatggcatcctggtcatccagcggatag ttaatgatcagcccactgacgcgttgcgcga gaagattgtgcaccgccgctttacaggcttc gacgccgcttcgttctaccatcgacaccacc acgctggcacccagttgatcggcgcgagatt taatcgccgcgacaatttgcgacggcgcgtg cagggccagactggaggtggcaacgccaatc agcaacgactgtttgcccgccagttgttgtg ccacgcggttgggaatgtaattcagctccgc catcgccgcttccactttttcccgcgttttc gcagaaacgtggctggcctggttcaccacgc gggaaacggtctgataagagacaccggcata ctctgcgacatcgtataacgttactggtttc acattcaccaccctgaattgactctcttccg ggcgctatcatgccataccgcgaaaggtttt gcgccattcgatggtgtccgggatctcgacg ctctcccttatgcgactcctgcattaggaag cagcccagtagtaggttgaggccgttgagca ccgccgccgcaaggaatggtgcatgcaagga gatggcgcccaacagtcccccggccacgggg cctgccaccatacccacgccgaaacaagcgc tcatgagcccgaagtggcgagcccgatcttc cccatcggtgatgtcggcgatataggcgcca gcaaccgcacctgtggcgccggtgatgccgg ccacgatgcgtccggcgtagaggatcgagat cgatctcgatcccgcgaaattaatacgactc actata |
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| SNAP-25b (1–206, all C to A; capitalized) in pET28a | homemade | tggcgaatgggacgcgccctgtagcggcgca ttaagcgcggcgggtgtggtggttacgcgca gcgtgaccgctacacttgccagcgccctagc gcccgctcctttcgctttcttcccttccttt ctcgccacgttcgccggctttccccgtcaag ctctaaatcgggggctccctttagggttccg atttagtgctttacggcacctcgaccccaaa aaacttgattagggtgatggttcacgtagtg ggccatcgccctgatagacggtttttcgccc tttgacgttggagtccacgttctttaatagt ggactcttgttccaaactggaacaacactca accctatctcggtctattcttttgatttata agggattttgccgatttcggcctattggtta aaaaatgagctgatttaacaaaaatttaacg cgaattttaacaaaatattaacgtttacaat ttcaggtggcacttttcggggaaatgtgcgc ggaacccctatttgtttatttttctaaatac attcaaatatgtatccgctcatgaattaatt cttagaaaaactcatcgagcatcaaatgaaa ctgcaatttattcatatcaggattatcaata ccatatttttgaaaaagccgtttctgtaatg aaggagaaaactcaccgaggcagttccatag gatggcaagatcctggtatcggtctgcgatt ccgactcgtccaacatcaatacaacctatta atttcccctcgtcaaaaataaggttatcaag tgagaaatcaccatgagtgacgactgaatcc ggtgagaatggcaaaagtttatgcatttctt tccagacttgttcaacaggccagccattacg ctcgtcatcaaaatcactcgcatcaaccaaa ccgttattcattcgtgattgcgcctgagcga gacgaaatacgcgatcgctgttaaaaggaca attacaaacaggaatcgaatgcaaccggcgc aggaacactgccagcgcatcaacaatatttt cacctgaatcaggatattcttctaatacctg gaatgctgttttcccggggatcgcagtggtg agtaaccatgcatcatcaggagtacggataa aatgcttgatggtcggaagaggcataaattc cgtcagccagtttagtctgaccatctcatct gtaacatcattggcaacgctacctttgccat gtttcagaaacaactctggcgcatcgggctt cccatacaatcgatagattgtcgcacctgat tgcccgacattatcgcgagcccatttatacc catataaatcagcatccatgttggaatttaa tcgcggcctagagcaagacgtttcccgttga atatggctcataacaccccttgtattactgt ttatgtaagcagacagttttattgttcatga ccaaaatcccttaacgtgagttttcgttcca ctgagcgtcagaccccgtagaaaagatcaaa ggatcttcttgagatcctttttttctgcgcg taatctgctgcttgcaaacaaaaaaaccacc gctaccagcggtggtttgtttgccggatcaa gagctaccaactctttttccgaaggtaactg gcttcagcagagcgcagataccaaatactgt ccttctagtgtagccgtagttaggccaccac ttcaagaactctgtagcaccgcctacatacc tcgctctgctaatcctgttaccagtggctgc tgccagtggcgataagtcgtgtcttaccggg ttggactcaagacgatagttaccggataagg cgcagcggtcgggctgaacggggggttcgtg cacacagcccagcttggagcgaacgacctac accgaactgagatacctacagcgtgagctatg agaaagcgccacgcttcccgaagggagaaa ggcggacaggtatccggtaagcggcagggtc ggaacaggagagcgcacgagggagcttcc agggggaaacgcctggtatctttatagtcctgt cgggtttcgccacctctgacttgagcgtcga tttttgtgatgctcgtcaggggggcggagcc tatggaaaaacgccagcaacgcggccttttt acggttcctggccttttgctggccttttgct cacatgttctttcctgcgttatcccctgatt ctgtggataaccgtattaccgcctttgagtg agctgataccgctcgccgcagccgaacgacc gagcgcagcgagtcagtgagcgaggaagc ggaagagcgcctgatgcggtattttctccttac gcatctgtgcggtatttcacaccgcatatat ggtgcactctcagtacaatctgctctgatgc cgcatagttaagccagtatacactccgctat cgctacgtgactgggtcatggctgcgccccg acacccgccaacacccgctgacgcgccctga cgggcttgtctgctcccggcatccgcttaca gacaagctgtgaccgtctccgggagctgcat gtgtcagaggttttcaccgtcatcaccgaaa cgcgcgaggcagctgcggtaaagctcatcag cgtggtcgtgaagcgattcacagatgtctgc ctgttcatccgcgtccagctcgttgagtttc tccagaagcgttaatgtctggcttctgataa agcgggccatgttaagggcggttttttcctg tttggtcactgatgcctccgtgtaaggggga tttctgttcatgggggtaatgataccgatga aacgagagaggatgctcacgatacgggttac tgatgatgaacatgcccggttactggaacgt tgtgagggtaaacaactggcggtatggatgc ggcgggaccagagaaaaatcactcagggtc aatgccagcgcttcgttaatacagatgtaggt gttccacagggtagccagcagcatcctgcga tgcagatccggaacataatggtgcagggcgc tgacttccgcgtttccagactttacgaaaca cggaaaccgaagaccattcatgttgttgctc aggtcgcagacgttttgcagcagcagtcgct tcacgttcgctcgcgtatcggtgattcattc tgctaaccagtaaggcaaccccgccagccta gccgggtcctcaacgacaggagcacgatcat gcgcacccgtggggccgccatgccggcgata atggcctgcttctcgccgaaacgtttggtgg cgggaccagtgacgaaggcttgagcgagggc gtgcaagattccgaataccgcaagcgacagg ccgatcatcgtcgcgctccagcgaaagcggt cctcgccgaaaatgacccagagcgctgccgg cacctgtcctacgagttgcatgataaagaag acagtcataagtgcggcgacgatagtcatgc cccgcgcccaccggaaggagctgactgggtt gaaggctctcaagggcatcggtcgagatccc ggtgcctaatgagtgagctaacttacattaa ttgcgttgcgctcactgcccgctttccagtc gggaaacctgtcgtgccagctgcattaatga atcggccaacgcgcggggagaggcggtttgc gtattgggcgccagggtggtttttcttttca ccagtgagacgggcaacagctgattgccctt caccgcctggccctgagagagttgcagcaag cggtccacgctggtttgccccagcaggcgaa aatcctgtttgatggtggttaacggcgggat ataacatgagctgtcttcggtatcgtcgtat cccactaccgagatatccgcaccaacgcgca gcccggactcggtaatggcgcgcattgcgcc cagcgccatctgatcgttggcaaccagcatc gcagtgggaacgatgccctcattcagcattt gcatggtttgttgaaaaccggacatggcact ccagtcgccttcccgttccgctatcggctga atttgattgcgagtgagatatttatgccagc cagccagacgcagacgcgccgagacagaa cttaatgggcccgctaacagcgcgatttgctgg tgacccaatgcgaccagatgctccacgccca gtcgcgtaccgtcttcatgggagaaaataat actgttgatgggtgtctggtcagagacatca agaaataacgccggaacattagtgcaggcag cttccacagcaatggcatcctggtcatccag cggatagttaatgatcagcccactgacgcgt tgcgcgagaagattgtgcaccgccgctttac aggcttcgacgccgcttcgttctaccatcga caccaccacgctggcacccagttgatcggcg cgagatttaatcgccgcgacaatttgcgacg gcgcgtgcagggccagactggaggtggcaac gccaatcagcaacgactgtttgcccgccagt tgttgtgccacgcggttgggaatgtaattca gctccgccatcgccgcttccactttttcccg cgttttcgcagaaacgtggctggcctggttc accacgcgggaaacggtctgataagagacac cggcatactctgcgacatcgtataacgttac tggtttcacattcaccaccctgaattgactc tcttccgggcgctatcatgccataccgcgaa aggttttgcgccattcgatggtgtccgggat ctcgacgctctcccttatgcgactcctgcat taggaagcagcccagtagtaggttgaggccg ttgagcaccgccgccgcaaggaatggtgcat gcaaggagatggcgcccaacagtcccccggc cacggggcctgccaccatacccacgccgaaa caagcgctcatgagcccgaagtggcgagccc gatcttccccatcggtgatgtcggcgatata ggcgccagcaaccgcacctgtggcgccggtg atgccggccacgatgcgtccggcgtagagga tcgagatctcgatcccgcgaaattaatacga ctcactataggggaattgtgagcggataaca attcccctctagaaataattttgtttaactt taagaaggagatataccATGGCCGA GGACGCAGACATGCGCAATG AGCTGGAGGAGATGCAGAGG AGGGCTGACCAGCTGGCTGA TGAGTCCCTGGAAAGCACCC GTCGCATGCTGCAGCTGGTT GAAGAGAGTAAAGATGCTGG CATCAGGACTTTGGTTATGTT GGATGAGCAAGGCGAACAAC TGGAACGCATTGAGGAAGGG ATGGACCAAATCAATAAGGAC ATGAAAGAAGCAGAAAAGAAT TTGACGGACCTAGGAAAATTC GCCGGCCTTGCCGTGGCCCC CGCCAACAAGCTTAAATCCAG TGATGCTTACAAAAAAGCCTG GGGCAATAATCAGGATGGAGT AGTGGCCAGCCAGCCTGCCC GTGTGGTGGATGAACGGGAG CAGATGGCCATCAGTGGTGGC TTCATCCGCAGGGTAACAAAT GATGCCCGGGAAAATGAGATG GATGAGAACCTGGAGCAGGT GAGCGGCATCATCGGAAACCT CCGCCACATGGCTCTAGACAT GGGCAATGAGATTGACACCCA GAATCGCCAGATCGACAGGAT CATGGAGAAGGCTGATTCCAA CAAAACCAGAATTGATGAAGC CAACCAACGTGCAACAAAGAT GCTGGGAAGTGGTTAA ctcgagcaccaccaccaccaccactgag atccggctgctaacaaagcccgaaagga agctgagttggctgctgccaccgctgagc aataactagcataaccccttggggcctc taaacgggtcttgaggggttttttgctgaa aggaggaactatatccggat |
|
| Materials for protein purificaiton | |||
| 2-Mercaptoethanol | SIGMA | M3148-25ML | |
| Agar | LPS Solution | AGA500 | |
| Ampicillin, Sodium salt | PLS | AC1043-005-00 | |
| Chloramphenicol | PLS | CR1023-050-00 | |
| Competent cells (E. coli) | Novagen | 70956 | Rosetta(DE3)pLysS |
| Glycerol | SIGMA | G5516-500ML | |
| HEPES | SIGMA | H4034-100G | |
| Hydrochloric acid / HCl | SIGMA | 320331-500ML | |
| Imidazole | SIGMA | I2399-100G | |
| Isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside / IPTG | SIGMA | 10724815001 | |
| Kanamycin Sulfate | PLS | KC1001-005-02 | |
| Luria-Bertani (LB) Broth | LPS Solution | LB-05 | |
| Ni-NTA resin | Qiagen | 30210 | |
| PD MiniTrap G-25 (desalting column) | Cytiva | GE28-9180-07 | For instructions, see: https://www.cytivalifesciences.com/en/us/shop/chromatography/prepacked-columns/desalting-and-buffer-exchange/pd-minitrap-desalting-columns-with-sephadex-g-25-resin-p-06174 |
| Phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride / PMSF | ThermoFisher Scientific | 36978 | |
| Plasmids for SNARE proteins | cloned in house | N/A | Available upon request |
| Protease inhibitor cocktail | genDEPOT | P3100 | |
| Sodium chloride | SIGMA | S5886-500G | |
| Sodium phosphate dibasic / Na2HPO4 | SIGMA | S7907-100G | |
| Sodium phosphate monobasic / NaH2PO4 | SIGMA | S3139-250G | |
| Tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine / TCEP | SIGMA | C4706-2G | |
| Trizma base | SIGMA | T1503-250G | |
| Materials for sample assembly | |||
| Biotin-PEG-SVA | LAYSAN BIO | BIO-PEG-SVA-5K-100MG & MPEG-SVA-5K-1g | For PEGylation |
| Dibenzocyclooctyne-amine / DBCO-NH2 | SIGMA | 761540-10MG | For bead coating |
| Double-sided tape | 3M | 136 | For flow cell assembly |
| Epoxy glue | DEVCON | S-208 | For flow cell assembly |
| Glass coverslip for bottom surface | VWR | 48393-251 | Rectangular, 60×24 mm, #1.5 |
| Glass coverslip for top surface | VWR | 48393-241 | Rectangular, 50×24 mm, #1.5 |
| Magnetic bead | ThermoFisher Scientific | 14301 | Dynabeads M-270 Epoxy, 2.8 μm |
| mPEG-SVA | LAYSAN BIO | mPEG-SVA 1g | For PEGylation |
| N,N-Dimethylformamide / DMF | SIGMA | D4551-250ML | For bead coating |
| N-[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]ethylenediamine | SIGMA | 104884-100ML | For PEGylation |
| Neutravidin | ThermoFisher Scientific | 31000 | For sample tethering |
| Phosphate buffered saline / PBS, pH 7.2 | PLS | PR2007-100-00 | |
| Plastic syringe | Norm-ject | A5 | 5 ml, luer tip |
| Polyethylene Tubing | SCI | BB31695-PE/4 | PE-60 |
| Reference bead | SPHEROTECH | SVP-30-5 | Streptavidin-coated Polystyrene Particles; 3.0-3.4 µm |
| Syringe needle | Kovax | 21G-1 1/4'' | 21 G |
| Syringe pump | KD SCIENTIFIC | 788210 | |
| Equipment for magnetic tweezer instrument | |||
| 1-axis motorized microtranslation stage | PI | M-126.PD1 | For vertical positioning of magnets |
| 2-axis manual translation stage | ST1 | LEE400 | For alignment of magnets to the optical axis |
| Acrylic holder for magnets | DaiKwang Precision | custum order | Drawing available upon request |
| Frame grabber | Active Silicon | AS-FBD-4XCXP6-2PE8 | |
| High-speed CMOS camera | Mikrotron | EoSens 3CXP | |
| Inverted microscope | Olympus | IX73P2F-1-2 | |
| Neodymium magnets | LG magnet | ND 10x10x12t | Dimension: 10 mm × 10 mm × 12 mm; two needed |
| Objective lens | Olympus | UPLXAPO100XO | Oil-immersion, NA 1.45 |
| Objective lens nanopositioner | Mad City Labs | Nano-F100S | |
| Rotation stepper motor | AUTONICS | A3K-S545W | For rotating magnets |
| Superluminescent diode | QPHOTONICS | QSDM-680-2 | 680 nm |
| Software | |||
| LabVIEW | National Instruments | v20.0f1 | |
| MATLAB | MathWorks | v2021a |
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Tags
Keywords: Magnetic TweezersNanomechanical MeasurementsForce-sensitive ElementsBiomoleculesStructural ChangesNucleic AcidsProteinsMechanosensitive ProteinsCardiovascular DisordersMusculoskeletal DisordersHigh-speed CMOS CameraMotorized Linear StageRotary Stepper MotorSuper Luminescent DiodePiezo Lens ScannerCoverslip PreparationPegylation
Citer Cet Article
Park, C., Yang, T., Rah, S., Kim, H. G., Yoon, T., Shon, M. J. High-Speed Magnetic Tweezers for Nanomechanical Measurements on Force-Sensitive Elements. J. Vis. Exp. (195), e65137, doi:10.3791/65137 (2023).