Summary

有意识大鼠的锁骨下静脉血液采样

Published: November 03, 2023
doi:

Summary

在这里,我们介绍了有效的大鼠限制和锁骨下静脉穿刺方法的组合,可以在没有麻醉的情况下在大鼠中快速、安全和重复采血。

Abstract

有几种既定的方法可以从大鼠身上获取重复的血液样本,最常用的方法是无麻醉的侧尾静脉取样和麻醉的颈静脉取样。然而,这些方法大多需要辅助和麻醉设备,有时在采血或血液样本质量差方面造成困难。此外,当需要对大量大鼠进行重复采血时,这些采血方法会消耗大量的时间和人力资源。本研究提出了一种由单个熟练个体对非麻醉大鼠进行重复采血的技术。通过刺穿锁骨下静脉可以获得非常令人满意的血液样本。该方法显示出令人印象深刻的 95% 的总体成功率,从大鼠约束到完成采血的中位时间仅为 2 分钟。此外,在指定范围内进行连续采血不会对大鼠造成任何伤害。这种方法值得推广用于血液采集,特别是在大规模的药代动力学研究中。

Introduction

大鼠是最常见的实验动物之一,获取血液样本的方法有很多种。对于在结束阶段涉及单次采血的实验,可以通过心脏穿刺或腹主动脉采血获得足够量的血液1。然而,一些研究需要从大鼠身上重复采血以进行常规血液或生化分析,特别是在药代动力学和毒理学研究中,需要重复采血以确定药物的吸收、分布和代谢2

目前,虽然尾静脉采血是大鼠采血最常见的方法,尽管不需要麻醉,但这种方法对于重复采集可能具有挑战性,并且采集的血液量相对较小3,4。此外,虽然可以从隐静脉和静脉收集血液,但获得的血液量有限,并且需要麻醉1,5。此外,从下颌下静脉丛以及舌下、颈静脉和锁骨下静脉采集的血液样本可提供更高质量的样本,但通常需要麻醉或多人的协助 1,6,7,8,9。最后,眶后窦/耳道采血不仅需要麻醉,还可能对大鼠造成伤害和压力9.

通常从主要静脉获得的血液样本的质量通常达到最高标准1。目前,一些研究发现,通过颈静脉连续显微取样是一种非常适合大鼠毒理学研究的方法,尽管这种方法通常需要颈静脉导管插入10,11,12。因此,如何在不进行手术干预的情况下,按照动物研究的3R原则获得高质量的血液样本,是值得探索的。本研究的目的是提出一种有效从大鼠锁骨下静脉中提取血液的方法。该技术无需麻醉即可通过单人手术快速收集令人满意的样本。

Protocol

本研究遵循了《实验动物护理和使用指南》第 8 版中概述的指南13。该研究获得了兰州大学第二医院伦理委员会的批准,并按照ARRIVE指南2.014进行了记录。12-16周龄的12只健康Wistar大鼠(6只雄性体重290-330 g,6只雌性体重250-280 g)在兰州大学GLP动物实验室进行3天实际实验。使用的鼠笼为R5型,尺寸为545 mm x 395 mm x 200 mm,并配备了高压灭菌垫料。所有大鼠都可以不受…

Representative Results

如图2A所示,高质量的等离子体标本呈现淡黄色调、清晰度和透明度,没有任何红色调或凝血。图2B分别显示了由于程序不当导致的溶血(左侧)或凝血(右侧)。在4天内的96次采血过程中,A组和B组的平均单次采血时间分别为119.87±33.62 s和123.28±30.96 s。两组每日采血时间无显著差异(t = 0.66,P = 0.54,表1)?…

Discussion

虽然尾静脉采血是大鼠重复采血的最常见方法,但可能会受到麻醉药物的影响,并且由于尾静脉体积小,单次可采集的血液量有限,导致采血时间较长4,5。尽管高效液相色谱 (HPLC) 串联质谱 (MS/MS) 系统与大鼠尾静脉的毛细管显微采样 (CMS) 相结合可以减少大鼠的血液使用量11,但并非所有机构都配备了这种昂贵的设备。从球后丛…

Divulgations

The authors have nothing to disclose.

Acknowledgements

本研究得到了兰州大学第二医院翠英计划项目(批准号:The Cuiying Plan Project)的支持。PR0121015)和甘肃省泌尿系统疾病研究重点实验室(批准号:0412D2)。

Materials

0.75% normal saline Gansu Fuzheng Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd. —— Prepared heparin sodium solution
1 mL Pasteur pipette  Biosharp BS-XG-01-NS Blood collection
1 mL syringe (26 G, 0.45 mm x 12 mm) Shinva Medical Instrument Co.,Ltd. 0.45*12RWLB Blood collection 
1.5 mL Eppendorf tube Biosharp BS-15-M Blood storage and collection
75% medical alcohol Shandong Lircon Medical Technology Co., Ltd. —— Disinfection of rat blood collection site
Centrifuge tube holder Biosharp BS-05/15-SM60 ——
Electronic scale Shanghai PUCHUN Measure Instrument Co., Ltd. JE1002 Weigh
Heparin sodium injection Hebei Changshan Biochemical Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. —— Rinse the syringe and EP tube; dilute with normal saline to 25 U/mL
Low temperature centrifuge HuNan Xiang Yi Centrifuge Instrument  Co., Ltd.  H1750R Separation of serum

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Zhang, X., Peng, S., Pei, Z., Sun, J., Wang, Z. Subclavian Vein Blood Sampling in Conscious Rats. J. Vis. Exp. (201), e66075, doi:10.3791/66075 (2023).

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