Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University 1 article published in JoVE Cancer Research Development and Optimization of A Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patient-Derived Organoid Model for Potential Target Identification and Drug Discovery Cheng-Yang Zhang*1,2, Xiao-Feng Zhang*3, Jun Yuan*1,2, Yuan-Feng Gong4, Hui Tang4, Wan-Yu Guo1,2, Tong-Yan Li1,2, Cai-Wen Li1,2, Yun-Qiang Tang4, Ning-Fang Ma1,2, Ming Liu1,2 1Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, 2Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, Center for Cancer Research and Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, 3Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 4Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University We provide a comprehensive overview and refinement of existing protocols for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) organoid formation, encompassing all stages of organoid cultivation. This system serves as a valuable model for the identification of potential therapeutic targets and the assessment of drug candidate effectiveness.