Tokyo Medical University 4 articles published in JoVE Neuroscience Optogenetic Phase Transition of TDP-43 in Spinal Motor Neurons of Zebrafish Larvae Kazuhide Asakawa1, Hiroshi Handa1, Koichi Kawakami2,3 1Department of Chemical Biology, Tokyo Medical University, 2Division of Molecular and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Genetics, 3Department of Genetics, Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI) We describe a protocol to induce phase transition of TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) by light in the spinal motor neurons using zebrafish as a model. Medicine Murine Model of Central Venous Stenosis using Aortocaval Fistula with an Outflow Stenosis Toshihiko Isaji1,2,3, Shun Ono1,2,4,5, Takuya Hashimoto1,2,3, Kota Yamamoto1,2,3, Ryosuke Taniguchi1,2,3, Haidi Hu1,2, Tun Wang1,2, Jun Koizumi4, Toshiya Nishibe5, Katsuyuki Hoshina3, Alan Dardik1,2,6 1Department of Surgery, Yale University, 2Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University, 3Department of Vascular Surgery, University of Tokyo, 4Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Tokai University School of Medicine, 5Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, 6Department of Vascular Surgery, VA Connecticut Healthcare Systems An aortocaval fistula was created by puncturing the murine infra-renal aorta through both walls into the inferior vena cava and was followed by creation of a stenosis in its outflow via partial ligation of the inferior vena cava. This reproducible model can be used to study central venous stenosis. Medicine Generating a Murine Orthotopic Metastatic Breast Cancer Model and Performing Murine Radical Mastectomy Eriko Katsuta1, Masanori Oshi1, Omar M. Rashid2,3,4,5, Kazuaki Takabe1,6,7,8,9,10 1Breast Surgery, Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, 2Holy Cross Hospital Michael and Dianne Bienes Comprehensive Cancer Center, 3Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, 4Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 5Department of Surgery, Nova Southeastern University School of Medicine, 6Department of Surgery, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, 7Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, Tokyo Medical University, 8Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, 9Department of Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 10Department of Surgery, Fukushima Medical University We introduce a murine orthotopic breast cancer model and radical mastectomy model with bioluminescence technology to quantify the tumor burden to mimic human breast cancer progression. Biology Using a Whole-mount Immunohistochemical Method to Study the Innervation of the Biliary Tract in Suncus murinus Ke Ren1, Yidan Dai1, Kai Yi2, Masanobu Kinoshita1, Masahiro Itoh2, Ichiro Sakata3, Takafumi Sakai3, Shuang-Qin Yi1 1Department of Frontier Health Sciences, Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 2Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Medical University, 3Area of Regulatory Biology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University A whole-mount immunohistochemical approach, to visualize neurofilament protein expression in the extrahepatic biliary tract in Suncus murinus. is presented here. This protocol can be used to analyze the innervation of all visceral organs in S. murinus or other species.