CHRU Lille 1 article published in JoVE Cancer Research Flow Cytometry to Estimate Leukemia Stem Cells in Primary Acute Myeloid Leukemia and in Patient-derived-xenografts, at Diagnosis and Follow Up Thomas Boyer1,2, Fanny Gonzales2,3, Adriana Plesa4, Pauline Peyrouze2, Adeline Barthelemy2, Soizic Guihard2, Bruno Quesnel2,5, Christophe Roumier1,2, Claude Preudhomme1,2, Meyling Cheok2 1Laboratoire d’hématologie, CHU Lille, 2Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172 - JPArc - Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer, 3Service d’hématologie pédiatrique, hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, CHU Lille, 4Laboratoire d’hématologie CH Lyon Sud, 5Service des Maladies du Sang, hôpital Claude Huriez, CHU Lille We outline a protocol to detect simultaneous expression of leukemia stem cell markers on primary acute myeloid leukemia cells by flow cytometry. We show how to quantify three progenitor populations and a putative LSC population with increasing degree of maturation. We confirmed the presence of these populations in corresponding patient-derived-xenografts.