US Army Research Laboratory 4 articles published in JoVE Engineering Scattering And Absorption of Light in Planetary Regoliths Karri Muinonen1,2, Timo Väisänen1, Julia Martikainen1, Johannes Markkanen1,3, Antti Penttilä1, Maria Gritsevich1,4, Jouni Peltoniemi1,2, Jürgen Blum5, Joonas Herranen1, Gorden Videen6,7, Göran Maconi1, Petteri Helander1, Ari Salmi1, Ivan Kassamakov1, Edward Haeggström1 1Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, 2Finnish Geospatial Research Institute FGI, National Land Survey, 3Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, 4Institute of Physics and Technology, Ural Federal University, 5Institut für Geophysik und Extraterrestrische Physik, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 6Space Science Institute, 7Army Research Laboratory Numerical and experimental methods are presented for multiple scattering of light in discrete random media of densely-packed particles. The methods are utilized to interpret the observations of asteroid (4) Vesta and comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. Chemistry A Rapid Synthesis Method for Au, Pd, and Pt Aerogels Via Direct Solution-Based Reduction Fred J. Burpo1, Enoch A. Nagelli1, Lauren A. Morris2, Joshua P. McClure3, Madeline Y. Ryu1, Jesse L. Palmer1 1Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, 2Armament Research, Development and Engineering Center, U.S. Army RDECOM-ARDEC, 3Sensors and Electron Devices Directorate, United States Army Research Laboratory A rapid, direct solution-based reduction synthesis method to obtain Au, Pd, and Pt aerogels is presented. Engineering Processing of Bulk Nanocrystalline Metals at the US Army Research Laboratory Vincent H. Hammond1, Billy C. Hornbuckle1, Anit K. Giri1, Anthony J. Roberts1, Thomas L. Luckenbaugh2, Joseph M. Marsico3, Scott M. Grendahl1, Kristopher A. Darling1 1Weapons and Materials Research Directorate, US Army Research Laboratory, 2Bowhead Total Enterprise Solutions, LLC, 3Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education This paper provides a brief overview of the ongoing efforts at the Army Research Laboratory on the processing of bulk nanocrystalline metals with an emphasis on the methodologies used for the production of the novel metal powders. Biochemistry Semi-automated Biopanning of Bacterial Display Libraries for Peptide Affinity Reagent Discovery and Analysis of Resulting Isolates Deborah A. Sarkes1, Justin P. Jahnke1, Dimitra N. Stratis-Cullum1 1Sensors and Electron Devices Directorate, US Army Research Laboratory Biopanning bacterial display libraries is a proven technique for discovery of peptide affinity reagents, a robust alternative to antibodies. The semi-automated sorting method herein has streamlined biopanning to decrease the occurrence of false positives. Here we illustrate the thought process and techniques applied in evaluating candidates and minimizing downstream analysis.