Chapter 9
Linear Momentum, Impulse and Collisions
![Linear Momentum](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/12681.jpg)
The term momentum is used in various ways in everyday language, most of which are consistent with the precise scientific definition. Generally,…
![Force and Momentum](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/12682.jpg)
Force and momentum are intimately related. Force acting over time can change momentum, and Newton's second law of motion can be stated in its…
![Impulse-Momentum Theorem](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/12684.jpg)
The total change in the motion of an object is proportional to the total force vector acting on it and the time over which it acts. This product is…
![Conservation of Momentum: Introduction](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/12685.jpg)
The total momentum of a system consisting of N interacting objects is constant in time or is conserved. A system must meet two requirements for its…
![Types Of Collisions - I](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/12687.jpg)
When two objects come in direct contact with each other, it is called a collision. During a collision, two or more objects exert forces on each other…
![Types of Collisions - II](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/12688.jpg)
When two or more objects collide with each other, they can stick together to form one single composite object (after collision). The total mass of…
![Elastic Collisions: Case Study](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/12690.jpg)
Elastic collision of a system demands conservation of both momentum and kinetic energy. To solve problems involving one-dimensional elastic…
![Collisions in Multiple Dimensions: Introduction](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/12691.jpg)
It is far more common for collisions to occur in two dimensions; that is, the initial velocity vectors are neither parallel nor antiparallel to each…
![Center of Mass: Introduction](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/12693.jpg)
Any object that obeys Newton's second law of motion is made up of a large number of infinitesimally small particles. Objects in motion can be as…
![Significance of Center of Mass](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/12694.jpg)
The center of mass of an object is defined as the mass-weighted average position of all the particles that comprise the object. The significance of…
![Rocket Propulsion in Empty Space - I](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/12695.jpg)
The driving force for the motion of any vehicle is friction, but in the case of rocket propulsion in space, the friction force is not present. The…
![Rocket Propulsion In Empty Space - II](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/12696.jpg)
The motion of a rocket is governed by the conservation of momentum principle. A rocket's momentum changes by the same amount (with the opposite…
![Optimization, Test and Diagnostics of Miniaturized Hall Thrusters](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/thumbs/58466_t.png)
Miniaturized spacecraft and satellites require smart, highly efficient and durable low-thrust thrusters, capable of extended, reliable operation…
![A 100 KW Class Applied-field Magnetoplasmadynamic Thruster](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/thumbs/58510_t.png)
Applied-field magnetoplasmadynamic thrusters (AF-MPD thrusters) are hybrid accelerators in which electromagnetic and gas dynamic processes accelerate…