Summary

X射线晶体学的蛋白质结晶

Published: January 16, 2011
doi:

Summary

一个分子的三维结构的分子的功能提供了一个独特的理解。在近原子分辨率的结构测定的主要方法是X射线晶体学。在这里,我们展示了取得任何给定的高分子三维晶体,通过X射线晶体结构的决心适合的电流的方法。

Abstract

使用生物大分子的三维结构来推断它们如何运作,是现代生物学的最重要领域之一。原子分辨率结构的可用性提供了一个深刻和独特的理解蛋白质的功能,并有助于揭示活细胞的内部工作。迄今为止,86%的蛋白质数据银行(RCSB PDB)项的确定,采用X射线晶体学的大分子结构。

为了获得适合晶体,晶体学研究,大分子(如蛋白质,核酸,蛋白质 – 蛋白质复合物或蛋白质 – 核酸复合物)必须得到净化同质化,或尽可能接近同质化。同质化的准备是获得晶体衍射高分辨率(Bergfors,1999年;麦弗逊,1999年)的一个关键因素。

到过饱和的高分子结晶需要。样本,因此,应集中到尽可能高的浓度,而不会造成聚集或沉淀的高分子(通常为2-50毫克/毫升)。样品引入沉淀剂,能促进蛋白质晶体的成核的解决方案,这可能会导致大从溶液中的三维晶体生长。获得晶体主要有两种技术:气相扩散和间歇结晶。一滴含有沉淀和蛋白质溶液的混合物蒸气扩散,是密封在一个纯粹的沉淀室。水蒸汽,然后扩散的下降,​​直到渗透压下降,沉淀的是平等的(图1A)。脱水下降导致蛋白质和沉淀缓慢的浓度,直到实现平衡,坐落在相图的晶体核区。批处理的方法依赖于使混合蛋白的蛋白质直接进入核区与适量的沉淀(图1B)。这种方法通常是下一个石蜡/矿物油混合,以防止下拉水的扩散。

在这里,我们将演示两种蒸汽扩散实验装置,挂在下降,坐滴,除了批量下油的结晶。

Protocol

材料: 蛋白质样品 – 溶菌酶(50毫克/毫升) 悬滴24井托盘坐滴24井托盘 Microbatch结晶96以及托盘结晶解决方案(无论是商业用或自制) 硅脂 5 mL注射器无鲁尔锁硅化盖幻灯片光封箱胶带石蜡 0.1-2微升微量低保留提示镊子专业湿巾 1。悬/坐在DROP PROCEDURE: 对于一个初始画面,可以?…

Representative Results

Crystallization is usually referred to as the bottleneck of X-ray crystallography. A sparse matrix incomplete factorial screen of precipitating conditions typically produces many different types of protein aggregation and precipitation, among them large single crystals. If the protein or precipitant concentrations are too high one can see brown matter with no distinct shape and size (amorphous precipitation). When the solution is undersaturated, the drop will often be completely clear and devoid of any kind of precipitat…

Discussion

在这篇文章中我们将介绍和演示蛋白质结晶当前的协议。自一个多步骤的过程中有几个注意事项要注意的一个需要。当工作与极少量(0.5-2μL)下拉由于蒸发干燥,是一个主要问题。因此,建议工作在良好的控制环境低的空气流动性,高湿度和严格的温度控制,并采取了一种技术,最大限度地减少暴露露天下降。出于这个原因,它运行在一个组织良好的的工作环境是必不可少的。所有试剂应准备?…

Divulgazioni

The authors have nothing to disclose.

Acknowledgements

这项工作是由宝来惠康研究者奖,以YM和布朗Coxe从美国耶鲁大学博士后奖学金到MD的支持。

Materials

New Item        
Lysozyme   Sigma-aldrich L6876-1G  
24 well VDX Plate   Hampton research HR3-142  
24 well Cryschem Plate   Hampton research HR3-158  
Dow Corning Vacuum Grease   Hampton research HR3-510  
Siliconized glass circle coverslides   Hampton research HR3-231  
100% paraffin oil   Hampton research HR3-411  
1.88 inch wide Crystal Clear Sealing Tape   Hampton research HR3-511  
96 Well Imp@ct Plate (Microbatch plate)   Hampton research HR3-098  

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Citazione di questo articolo
Dessau, M. A., Modis, Y. Protein Crystallization for X-ray Crystallography. J. Vis. Exp. (47), e2285, doi:10.3791/2285 (2011).

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