Сочетание компьютерных игр основе поведенческих экспериментов с высокой плотностью ЭЭГ и инфракрасного слежения Gaze
Summary
Процедуры для записи с высокой плотностью ЭЭГ и смотреть данные во время компьютерной игры основе когнитивных задач описаны. Использование видеоигр представить познавательных задач повышает экологическую валидность без ущерба для экспериментального контроля.
Abstract
Experimental paradigms are valuable insofar as the timing and other parameters of their stimuli are well specified and controlled, and insofar as they yield data relevant to the cognitive processing that occurs under ecologically valid conditions. These two goals often are at odds, since well controlled stimuli often are too repetitive to sustain subjects’ motivation. Studies employing electroencephalography (EEG) are often especially sensitive to this dilemma between ecological validity and experimental control: attaining sufficient signal-to-noise in physiological averages demands large numbers of repeated trials within lengthy recording sessions, limiting the subject pool to individuals with the ability and patience to perform a set task over and over again. This constraint severely limits researchers’ ability to investigate younger populations as well as clinical populations associated with heightened anxiety or attentional abnormalities. Even adult, non-clinical subjects may not be able to achieve their typical levels of performance or cognitive engagement: an unmotivated subject for whom an experimental task is little more than a chore is not the same, behaviourally, cognitively, or neurally, as a subject who is intrinsically motivated and engaged with the task. A growing body of literature demonstrates that embedding experiments within video games may provide a way between the horns of this dilemma between experimental control and ecological validity. The narrative of a game provides a more realistic context in which tasks occur, enhancing their ecological validity (Chaytor & Schmitter-Edgecombe, 2003). Moreover, this context provides motivation to complete tasks. In our game, subjects perform various missions to collect resources, fend off pirates, intercept communications or facilitate diplomatic relations. In so doing, they also perform an array of cognitive tasks, including a Posner attention-shifting paradigm (Posner, 1980), a go/no-go test of motor inhibition, a psychophysical motion coherence threshold task, the Embedded Figures Test (Witkin, 1950, 1954) and a theory-of-mind (Wimmer & Perner, 1983) task. The game software automatically registers game stimuli and subjects’ actions and responses in a log file, and sends event codes to synchronise with physiological data recorders. Thus the game can be combined with physiological measures such as EEG or fMRI, and with moment-to-moment tracking of gaze. Gaze tracking can verify subjects’ compliance with behavioural tasks (e.g. fixation) and overt attention to experimental stimuli, and also physiological arousal as reflected in pupil dilation (Bradley et al., 2008). At great enough sampling frequencies, gaze tracking may also help assess covert attention as reflected in microsaccades – eye movements that are too small to foveate a new object, but are as rapid in onset and have the same relationship between angular distance and peak velocity as do saccades that traverse greater distances. The distribution of directions of microsaccades correlates with the (otherwise) covert direction of attention (Hafed & Clark, 2002).
Protocol
Discussion
Возможно, самым важным препятствием для комплексных исследований является практическое ограничение на количество времени, которое одно испытуемого (особенно один из клинических населения) можно разумно ожидать, чтобы выполнить, прежде чем стать усталость. К сожалению, часто более ко?…
Divulgazioni
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
Этот проект финансируется Аутизм Говорит Pilot исследований, грант № 2597 и от Национального научного фонда США факультет Рано премии развития карьеры # BCS-0846892.
Materials
| Material Name | Tipo | Company | Catalogue Number | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 128-channel BioSemi ActiveTwo measurement system | BioSemi | http://www.biosemi.com | ||
| 32 channel A-set + CMS/DRL | BioSemi | P32-ABC-ACMS | ||
| 32 channel B-set | BioSemi | P32-ABC-B | ||
| 32 channel C-set | BioSemi | P32-ABC-C | ||
| 32 channel D-set | BioSemi | P32-ABC-D | ||
| EX1-EX8 electrodes | BioSemi | 8 x TP PIN | ||
| 128-channel cap | BioSemi | CAP M 128 | ||
| EyeLink 1000 infrared gaze tracker | SR Research | |||
| EyeLink 1000 Remote Camera Upgrade | SR Research | n/a | Allows for target sticker tracking | |
| SignaGel electrode gel | Parker Labs | n/a | ||
| 0.05% KCl electrolytic (NaCl) gel | n/a | n/a | Purchased from compounding pharmacy | |
| Intensity Pro | Blackmagic Design |
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