عزل الخلايا الدبقية الصغيرة الابتدائية المختلطة من زراعات الخلايا الغروية من المواليد الجدد الجرذ أنسجة المخ
Summary
عزل الخلايا الدبقية الصغيرة الأولية من عدم التجانس الخلوية من الدماغ ضروري للتحقيق في دورها في كل الظروف الفسيولوجية والمرضية. هذا البروتوكول يصف العزلة الميكانيكية والمختلطة تقنية زراعة الخلايا التي توفر عائدات عالية ونقاء عالية، وقابلة للحياة خلايا دبقية صغيرة الرئيسي لل<em> في المختبر</em> الدراسة والتطبيقات المصب.
Abstract
Microglia account for approximately 12% of the total cellular population in the mammalian brain. While neurons and astrocytes are considered the major cell types of the nervous system, microglia play a significant role in normal brain physiology by monitoring tissue for debris and pathogens and maintaining homeostasis in the parenchyma via phagocytic activity 1,2. Microglia are activated during a number of injury and disease conditions, including neurodegenerative disease, traumatic brain injury, and nervous system infection 3. Under these activating conditions, microglia increase their phagocytic activity, undergo morpohological and proliferative change, and actively secrete reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, pro-inflammatory chemokines and cytokines, often activating a paracrine or autocrine loop 4-6. As these microglial responses contribute to disease pathogenesis in neurological conditions, research focused on microglia is warranted.
Due to the cellular heterogeneity of the brain, it is technically difficult to obtain sufficient microglial sample material with high purity during in vivo experiments. Current research on the neuroprotective and neurotoxic functions of microglia require a routine technical method to consistently generate pure and healthy microglia with sufficient yield for study. We present, in text and video, a protocol to isolate pure primary microglia from mixed glia cultures for a variety of downstream applications. Briefly, this technique utilizes dissociated brain tissue from neonatal rat pups to produce mixed glial cell cultures. After the mixed glial cultures reach confluency, primary microglia are mechanically isolated from the culture by a brief duration of shaking. The microglia are then plated at high purity for experimental study.
The principle and protocol of this methodology have been described in the literature 7,8. Additionally, alternate methodologies to isolate primary microglia are well described 9-12. Homogenized brain tissue may be separated by density gradient centrifugation to yield primary microglia 12. However, the centrifugation is of moderate length (45 min) and may cause cellular damage and activation, as well as, cause enriched microglia and other cellular populations. Another protocol has been utilized to isolate primary microglia in a variety of organisms by prolonged (16 hr) shaking while in culture 9-11. After shaking, the media supernatant is centrifuged to isolate microglia. This longer two-step isolation method may also perturb microglial function and activation. We chiefly utilize the following microglia isolation protocol in our laboratory for a number of reasons: (1) primary microglia simulate in vivo biology more faithfully than immortalized rodent microglia cell lines, (2) nominal mechanical disruption minimizes potential cellular dysfunction or activation, and (3) sufficient yield can be obtained without passage of the mixed glial cell cultures.
It is important to note that this protocol uses brain tissue from neonatal rat pups to isolate microglia and that using older rats to isolate microglia can significantly impact the yield, activation status, and functional properties of isolated microglia. There is evidence that aging is linked with microglia dysfunction, increased neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative pathologies, so previous studies have used ex vivo adult microglia to better understand the role of microglia in neurodegenerative diseases where aging is important parameter. However, ex vivo microglia cannot be kept in culture for prolonged periods of time. Therefore, while this protocol extends the life of primary microglia in culture, it should be noted that the microglia behave differently from adult microglia and in vitro studies should be carefully considered when translated to an in vivo setting.
Protocol
Discussion
في حين يستخدم بصورة روتينية على هذا البروتوكول لإنتاج الخلايا الدبقية الصغيرة نقية وصحية للتجارب البحثية، وإمعان النظر في الجوانب الفنية خلال المراحل الحاسمة من الإجراء الحد من التقلبات في الخلايا الدبقية الصغيرة المعزولة. الأول، أثناء تشريح أنسجة الدماغ من الفئر…
Divulgazioni
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
بتمويل من برنامج جماعية في جامعة الخدمات النظامية.
Materials
| Name of the reagent | Company | Catalog number | Comments |
| 60 mm x 15 mm Petri dishes | Fisher brand | 0875713A | |
| Sharp dissecting scissors | Fine Science Tools | 14094-11 | |
| Dumont #7b forceps- standard tips, curved, 11cm | Fine Science Tools | 11270-20 | |
| Dumont #5 forceps-standard tips, straight, 11 cm | Fine Science Tools | 11251-10 | |
| 50 ml conical centrifuge tubes | VWR | 89039-656 | |
| 5 ml serological pipettes | Grenier Bio One | 606180 | |
| 10 ml serological pipettes | Grenier Bio One | 607180 | |
| 100 μm sterile nylon cell strainer | Falcon | 35-2360 | |
| 75 cm2 tissue culture flasks | Corning | 430641 | |
| Dulbecco’s minimal essential medium (DMEM) | Gibco (Invitrogen) | 31053-028 | |
| Leibovitz’s L-15 medium | Gibco (Invitrogen) | 11415064 | |
| Fetal bovine serum | Gibco(Invitrogen) | 16000-036 | |
| Fetal equine serum | Fisher | SH3007402 | |
| Penicillin-Streptomycin | Gibco (Invitrogen) | 15140163 | |
| 100% Ethanol | The Warner Graham Company | 64-17-5 | |
| Phosphate buffered saline solution, 10X, pH 7.4 | Quality Biological, inc. | 119-069-131 | 1X in sterile, distilled water |
| Biohazard bags | VWR | 14220-028 | |
| Haemocytometer | Hausser Scientific | 1492 | |
| 6-well cell culture plates with cellBIND surface | Corning | 3335 |
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