Microglia में microRNAs की सामान्य सीएनएस में वास्तविक समय पीसीआर द्वारा और Neuroinflammation दौरान जांच
Summary
Microglia मैक्रोफेज है कि केंद्रीय तंत्रिका तंत्र की रक्षा और प्रतिरक्षा निगरानी की पहली पंक्ति प्रदान निवास कर रहे हैं. MicroRNAs विनियामक अणुओं है कि सक्रियण और मैक्रोफेज के भेदभाव सहित कई शारीरिक प्रक्रियाओं में एक महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभा रहे हैं. इस अनुच्छेद में, हम microglia में microRNAs की माप के लिए विधि का वर्णन करता है.
Abstract
Microglia are cells of the myeloid lineage that reside in the central nervous system (CNS)1. These cells play an important role in pathologies of many diseases associated with neuroinflammation such as multiple sclerosis (MS)2. Microglia in a normal CNS express macrophage marker CD11b and exhibit a resting phenotype by expressing low levels of activation markers such as CD45. During pathological events in the CNS, microglia become activated as determined by upregulation of CD45 and other markers3. The factors that affect microglia phenotype and functions in the CNS are not well studied. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a growing family of conserved molecules (~22 nucleotides long) that are involved in many normal physiological processes such as cell growth and differentiation4 and pathologies such as inflammation5. MiRNAs downregulate the expression of certain target genes by binding complementary sequences of their mRNAs and play an important role in the activation of innate immune cells including macrophages6 and microglia7. In order to investigate miRNA-mediated pathways that define the microglial phenotype, biological function, and to distinguish microglia from other types of macrophages, it is important to quantitatively assess the expression of particular microRNAs in distinct subsets of CNS-resident microglia. Common methods for measuring the expression of miRNAs in the CNS include quantitative PCR from whole neuronal tissue and in situ hybridization. However, quantitative PCR from whole tissue homogenate does not allow the assessment of the expression of miRNA in microglia, which represent only 5-15% of the cells of neuronal tissue. Hybridization in situ allows the assessment of the expression of microRNA in specific cell types in the tissue sections, but this method is not entirely quantitative. In this report we describe a quantitative and sensitive method for the detection of miRNA by real-time PCR in microglia isolated from normal CNS or during neuroinflammation using experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a mouse model for MS. The described method will be useful to measure the level of expression of microRNAs in microglia in normal CNS or during neuroinflammation associated with various pathologies including MS, stroke, traumatic injury, Alzheimer’s disease and brain tumors.
Protocol
Discussion
हाल ही में महत्वपूर्ण ब्याज microglia और इन कोशिकाओं के neuroinflammation और neurodegeneration के साथ जुड़े कई विकृतियों में भागीदारी के लिए दिया गया था. इसके अलावा, प्रतिरक्षा और कैंसर कोशिकाओं के भेदभाव में microRNAs की भूमिका में नाट?…
Divulgazioni
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
काम NIH NS071039-01A1 अनुसंधान अनुदान R01 द्वारा समर्थित किया गया.
Materials
| Name of the reagent | Company | Catalogue number | Comments |
| 1X PBS | GIBCO | 14190 | Can be prepared from dry components in the laboratory, pH: 7.2-7.4 |
| 10X PBS | Thermo Scientific | SH30258.02 | Can be prepared from dry components in the laboratory, pH: 7.2-7.4 |
| DMEM; FBS | GBCO | 11965; 10438 | |
| miRVana kit | Invitrogen | AM1561 | |
| Percoll | Sigma | P4937-500 ml | 100 ml of 100% Percoll is prepared by mixing 10 ml of 10X PBS and 90 ml of Percoll from Sigma.
50 ml of 70% Percoll is prepared by mixing of 35 ml of 100% Percoll and 15 ml of DMEM 50 ml of 40% Percoll is prepared by mixing 20 ml of 100% Percoll and 30 ml of 1X PBS |
| MOG35-55 peptide | AnaSpec Inc | 60130-5 | |
| CFA | DIFCO | 263810 | |
| Pertussis Toxin | Sigma | P7208 | |
| FcR blocking antibodies | BD Biosciences | 553142 | Clone 2.4G2 |
| Anti-CD11b–PE mAb | BD Biosciences | 553311 | Can be used with different fluorophores (e.g. AF488) |
| Anti-CD45-APC-Cy7 mABs | Biolegend | 103116 | Can be used with different fluorophores (e.g. APC) |
| Paraformaldehyde (16%) | EMS Inc | 15710 | Dilute 1:15 in 1X PBS |
| 15% TBE-Urea Gel | Life Technologies Inc. | EC68855BOX | |
| TaqMan MicroRNA Reverse Transcription Kit | Life Technologies Inc | 4366596 | |
| TaqMan Universal PCR Master Mix | Life Technologies Inc | 4304437 | |
| TaqMan MicroRNA Assays mmu-miR-124a | Life Technologies Inc | 4427975 ID 001182 | |
| TaqMan MicroRNA Assays snoRNA-55 | Life Technologies Inc | 4427975 ID 001228 | |
| Nuclease-free water | Life Technologies Inc | AM9937 | Nuclease-free water |
| 384-well clear optical reaction plate | Life Technologies Inc. | 4309849 | Can be substituted with other plates (e.g. 96 well plate) in different real-time PCR instruments |
| Dounce homogenizer (15 ml) | Wheaton Science Products. | 358044 | Teflon/glass |
| 40 μ nylon cell strainer | Falcon | 352340 | |
| Big centrifuge | Sorval | RT 6000B | Rotor diameter 18.5 cm |
| Small centrifuge | Eppendorf | 5415 R | Rotor diameter 6.5 cm |
| Real-time PCR Instrument | Life Technologies Inc. | AB 7900 HT | Can be substituted with other instruments |
| Flow cytometer | BD Biosciencess | LSR II | Can be substituted with other instruments |
| FACS | BD Biosciences | FACSAria | Can be substituted with other instruments |
| Nanodrop spectrophotometer | Thermo Scientific | Nanodrop 1000 |
Riferimenti
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