分离，培养和移植肌卫星细胞
Summary
静止卫星细胞的纯群体的分离和培养，肌肉干细胞群，是必不可少的肌肉干细胞生物学和再生，以及干细胞移植在肌营养不良症和其他退行性疾病的治疗方法的理解。
Abstract
肌卫星细胞是必需的产后骨骼肌发育和再生干细胞群，占sublaminal核2-5％的肌纤维。在成人的肌肉，卫星细胞通常有丝分裂的静态。以下损伤，然而，卫星细胞引发细胞增殖以产生成肌细胞，它们的子代，介导肌肉的再生。的卫星细胞衍生的成肌细胞移植已被广泛研究作为一种可能的治疗为几个再生的疾病，包括肌营养不良，心脏衰竭，和泌尿功能障碍。成肌细胞移植到营养不良骨骼肌，心肌梗死心脏和正常运作尿导管表明，嫁接成肌细胞能分化成肌纤维在宿主组织并在这些疾病中显示的部分功能改善。因此，从骨骼MUSCL静止卫星细胞的有效的纯化方法的开发E，以及建立卫星细胞来源的成肌细胞的培养和移植方法，成肌细胞，对于理解后面卫星细胞的自我更新，活化和分化的分子机制是必不可少的。此外，基于细胞的疗法的肌肉萎缩症和其它再生疾病的发展，也取决于这些因素。
然而，静态卫星细胞的当前预期的纯化方法需要使用昂贵的荧光激活细胞分选术（FACS）的机器。在这里，我们提出了一种新的方法从成年小鼠骨骼肌通过酶解静止卫星细胞的快速，经济，可靠的净化后的磁激活细胞分选（MACS）。继纯静态的卫星细胞的分离，这些细胞可以培养几个段落后获得大量的成肌细胞。这些新鲜分离静止卫星细胞或活体外扩增的成肌细胞可移植到心脏毒素（CTX）诱导再生小鼠骨骼肌检查，以再生肌纤维供体来源的细胞的贡献，以及对卫星细胞车厢自我更新的检查活动。
Introduction
肌卫星细胞是一小口位于骨骼肌纤维基底层下方生肌干细胞。它们的特点是表达Pax7，PAX3，c-Met的M-钙粘蛋白，CD34，配体蛋白聚糖-3的表达，和降钙素是1 – 3。卫星细胞已被证明是负责肌肉再生肌肉干细胞。在成人的肌肉，卫星细胞通常有丝分裂的静态4-8。损伤后，卫星细胞被激活，启动MyoD的表达，并进入细胞周期，以扩大他们的后代，称为肌前体细胞或成肌细胞3。经过几轮细胞分裂，成肌细胞退出细胞周期和保险丝彼此以进行分化成多成核肌管，随后成熟的肌纤维。成肌细胞从成年肌肉中分离可容易地体外扩增。成为肌纤维的再生和肌肉的能力，成肌细胞在非肌肉组织形式异位肌纤维是由成肌细胞移植，为杜氏肌营养不良症（DMD）4一个潜在的治疗方法，泌尿功能障碍9，和心脏衰竭10利用。事实上，成肌细胞已经成功移植在这两个MDX（DMD模型）小鼠和DMD患者11-14的肌肉。注入的正常成肌细胞与宿主肌纤维融合，以改善病变肌肉的组织学和功能。以前的工作表明，成肌细胞的亚群更干细胞样和在肌肉再生5保持在未分化状态在较长的肌肉。最近的工作表明，从成年肌肉新鲜分离的卫星细胞含有干细胞样群体表现出更有效的植入和自我更新的活动在再生肌肉5-8。因此，从成年骨骼肌亩静止卫星细胞的纯人口的纯化SCLE是必不可少的理解卫星细胞，成肌细胞和肌再生的生物，和基于细胞的疗法的发展。
然而，静态卫星细胞的当前预期的纯化方法需要使用昂贵的荧光激活细胞分选术（FACS）机1,2,6-8的。此外，流式细胞仪激光曝光通常的分离，这将导致静态卫星细胞15的下屈服过程中诱导细胞死亡。在这里，我们提出了从成年小鼠骨骼肌静止卫星细胞的快速，经济，可靠提纯的新方法。此方法利用酶解随后磁激活细胞分选（MACS）。继纯静态的卫星细胞的分离，这些细胞可以培养几个段落后获得大量的成肌细胞。我们还表明，这些注入新鲜分离的静止卫星细胞或前六肌内画外音扩展的成肌细胞可移植到心脏毒素（CTX）诱导再生小鼠骨骼肌检查供体来源的细胞的再生肌纤维，以及对卫星细胞区室为自我更新的活动的检查的贡献。
Protocol
动物被容纳在一个SPF环境和由研究动物资源明尼苏达大学（RAR）进行了监测。该动物以适当的方式安乐死（CO 2吸入或氯化钾注射液被麻醉的IP注射圣阿韦坦（250毫克/公斤）后，所有协议获得批准的机构动物护理和使用委员会（IACUC，码数：1304-30492明尼苏达大学的）。 1，从分离小鼠骨骼肌单个核细胞适当牺牲1或2年轻的成年小鼠（3-8周）。 捏和狭缝与锋…
Representative Results
新鲜分离的静止卫星细胞显示一个小的，圆形（ 图1G），并且明确表达Pax7作为一个明确的标志静止卫星细胞。超过90％的新鲜分离细胞的表达表达Pax7（ 图1H和1I）。污染最严重的细胞是由血细胞体外成肌以下培养条件不高效发展。因此，卫星细胞来源的成肌细胞中占主导地位的文化。任选地，可以重复该步骤为MS柱纯化（步骤2.11-2.14），以增加分离的?…
Discussion
在这个协议中，静态卫星细胞可以容易地从小鼠通过胶原酶消化和表面抗体介导的MACS分离成年骨骼肌纯化。这种方法大约需要6小时，不需要任何昂贵的设备，如流式细胞仪机。此外，相比表面抗体介导的FACS分离这种方法是相对便宜的。较高的收益率静态卫星细胞也有望在比较FACS这个方法，因为流式细胞仪激光曝光趋于分离15时诱导细胞死亡。其他的隔离方法，例如预镀或单个肌纤维的?…
Divulgazioni
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
我们感谢Shahragim Tajbakhsh博士提供MYF5 + / nLacZ小鼠。我们也感谢亚历山大HRON和迈克尔Baumrucker这个手稿的批判性阅读。这项工作是由肌肉萎缩症协会（MDA）和格雷戈里Marzolf小的MD中心奖助学金支持。
Materials
| Materials | |||
| Collagenase Type 2 | Worthington | CLS-2 | 100 mg |
| Marigel | BD Biosciences | 356234 | 5 ml |
| DMEM | Gibco-Invitrogen | 10569010 | 500 ml |
| Collagen (Rat Tail) | BD Biosciences | 354236 | 100 mg (3-4 mg/ml) |
| Acetic Acid | Sigma-Aldrich | 320099-500ML | 500 ml |
| bFGF, human, Recombinant | Gibco-Invitrogen | PHG0263 | 1 mg |
| Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) | Sigma-Aldrich | A5611-1G | 1 g |
| Ham’s F10 Medium | Gibco-Invitrogen | 11550-043 | 500 ml |
| Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) | Fisher Scientific | 3600511 | 500 ml |
| Horse Serum | Gibco-Invitrogen | 26050088 | 500 ml |
| Penicillin/Streptmycin | Gibco-Invitrogen | 15640055 | 100 ml |
| Phosphate Buffered Saline | Gibco-Invitrogen | 14190144 | 500 ml |
| 0.25% Trypsin/EDTA | Gibco-Invitrogen | 25200072 | 500 ml |
| 18G needle with 12cc Syringe | Fisher Scientific | 22-256-563 | |
| Cell strainer (70 μm) | Fisher Scientific | 22-363-548 | |
| Falcon 50 ml tube | BD Biosciences | 352098 | |
| Falcon 15 ml tube | BD Biosciences | 352097 | |
| 10 cm tissue culture plate | BD Biosciences | 353003 | |
| 6 cm tissue culture plate | BD Biosciences | 353004 | |
| Falcon 10 ml disposable pipet | BD Biosciences | 357551 | |
| Anti-CD31 antibody-PE | eBiosciences | 12-0311 | |
| Anti-CD45 antibody-PE | eBiosciences | 30-F11 | |
| Anti-Sca1 antibody-PE | eBiosciences | Dec-81 | |
| Anti-Integrin α7 antibody | MBL International | ABIN487462 | |
| Anti-PE MicroBeads | Miltenyi Biotec | 130-048-801 | |
| Anti-Mouse IgG MicroBeads | Miltenyi Biotec | 130-048-402 | |
| Mini & MidiMACS Starting Kit | Miltenyi Biotec | 130-091-632 | |
| MS Column | Miltenyi Biotec | 130-042-201 | |
| LD Column | Miltenyi Biotec | 130-042-901 | |
| Cardiotoxin | Sigma Aldrich | C9759-1MG | Stock 10 μM in PBS |
| 31G Insulin syringe | BD Biosciences | 328438 | |
| Refrigerated Microcentrifuge (Microfuge 22R) | Beckman Coulter | 368826 | |
| S241.5 Swinging Bucket Rotor | Beckman Coulter | 368882 | |
| Refrigerated Centrifuge (Allegra X-22R) | Beckman Coulter | 392187 | |
| Nod/Scid immunodeficient mice | Charles River Laboratories | Strain Code 394 | Use 2 months old mice |
| Reagents | |||
| Name of the reagent | Recipie | ||
| 10% and 2% FBS DMEM | DMEM (Gibco-Invitrogen #10569010) with 10% or 2% FBS (Fisher Scientific #03600511) and 1% Penicillin/Streptomycin (Gibco-Invitrogen #15640055). | ||
| 0.2% Collagenase solution | Collagenase Type 2 (Worthington, #CLS-2), Stock: 50 ml: 100 mg Collagenase Type 2 in 10% FBS DMEM. | ||
| 10% Matrigel solution | Matrigel (BD Biosciences: #356234) is placed on ice for thawing overnight. Five ml Matrigel is dilute by 45 ml DMEM and 5 ml aliquots are stored at -20°C until use. | ||
| Matrigel-coated plate | Five ml of 10% Matrigel solution is placed on ice for thawing and is used for coating 10 cm plate at room temprature for 1 minutes. The plate is placed in 5% CO2 incubator at 37°C for 30 minute after removing Matrigel solution, and let the plate dry in culture hood for another 30 minutes. Removed 10% Matrigel solution is stored at -20°C for reusing. | ||
| 0.01% Collagen solution | Mix to final: 0.01% Collagen (Collagen, Rat Tail: BD Biosciences #354236) in 0.2% acetic acid (320099-500ML) in ddH2O. | ||
| Collagen-coated plate | Add 5 ml or 2 ml of Collagen solution to a 10 cm or 6 cm tissue culture plate and let sit at room temperature for three hours. Then, aspirate off liquid and allow to dry in culture hood for 30 min to overnight. Plates can be stored at room temperature for several months. | ||
| bFGF stock solution | bFGF, Human, Recombinant (Gibco-Invitrogen #PHG0263, 1 mg) is dissolved with 0.1% BSA solution consisting of 1 mg BSA (Sigma-Aldrich #A5611-1G) and 2 ml ddH2O (0.5 mg/ml bFGF). Aliquot 20 μl in 500 μl microcentrifuge tubes and kept in -80°C. | ||
| Myoblast medium | 500 mL HAM’S F10 Medium (Gibco-Invitrogen #11550-043) supplemented with 20% FBS (Fisher Scientific #03600511), Penicillin/streptomycin (Gibco-Invitrogen #15640055), and 10 μg of bFGF (20 μl of bFGF stock). | ||
| Differentiation medium | 500 mL DMEM (Gibco-Invitrogen #10569010) supplemented with 5% Horse serum (Gibco-Invitrogen #26050088) and 1% Penicillin/streptomycin (Gibco-Invitrogen #15640055). | ||
| 10 μM Cardiotoxin stock | 1 mg Cardiotoxin (EMD Millipore #217504-1MG) is dissolved with 13.9 ml PBS. |
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Citazione di questo articolo
Motohashi, N., Asakura, Y., Asakura, A. Isolation, Culture, and Transplantation of Muscle Satellite Cells. J. Vis. Exp. (86), e50846, doi:10.3791/50846 (2014).