Tissue engineering: Bouw van een Meercellige 3D Steiger voor de levering van Layered Cell Sheets
Summary
For creation of highly organized structures of complex tissue, one must assemble multiple material and cell types into an integrated composite. This combinatorial design incorporates organ-specific layered cell sheets with two distinct biologically-derived materials containing a strong fibrous matrix base, and endothelial cells for enhancing new vessels formation.
Abstract
Vele weefsels, zoals de volwassen menselijke harten, zijn niet in staat om na schade adequaat te regenereren. 2,3 Strategies in tissue engineering stellen innovaties om het lichaam te helpen bij het herstel en reparatie. Bijvoorbeeld kan TE benaderingen kunnen hart remodeling na myocardiaal infarct (MI) verzwakken en kunnen verhogen totale hartfunctie een bijna normale pre-MI niveau. 4 Zoals met alle functionele weefsel succesvolle regeneratie van hartweefsel omvat de aanlevering van meerdere celtypen met omgevingsfactoren gunste integratie en het voortbestaan van de geïmplanteerde cellen / weefsel transplantaat. Gemanipuleerde weefsels moeten aanpakken meerdere parameters, waaronder: oplosbare signalen, cel-cel interacties, en matrix materialen geëvalueerd als bestelauto's, hun effecten op overleving van de cel, materiaal sterkte, en faciliteren van cel-weefsel organisatie. Onderzoeken waarin de directe injectie van transplantaat cellen alleen deze essentiële elementen te negeren. 2,5,6Een weefsel ontwerp combineert deze ingrediënten moet nog worden ontwikkeld. Hier presenteren we een voorbeeld van geïntegreerde ontwerpen middels lagen van patroon celvellen met twee verschillende types van biologisch afgeleide materialen die het type doelorgaan cellen en endotheelcellen voor het verhogen nieuwe vaartuigen formatie in het "weefsel". Hoewel deze studies richten zich op het genereren van hart-achtige weefsel, kan dit weefsel ontwerp worden toegepast op andere dan hart met minimalistisch design en materiële veranderingen veel organen, en is bedoeld om een off-the-shelf product voor regeneratieve therapieën. Het protocol bevat vijf gedetailleerde stappen. Een temperatuurgevoelige poly (N -isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) wordt gebruikt voor het bekleden weefselkweekplaten. Dan, weefselspecifieke cellen gekweekt op het oppervlak van de beklede platen / micropattern oppervlakken celvellen sterke laterale verklevingen vormen. Ten derde wordt een basismatrix gemaakt voor het weefsel door het combineren poreuze matrix met neovasculaire permissive hydrogels en endotheelcellen. Tenslotte worden de celvellen vanop PNIPAAm beklede schotels en naar het basiselement, waardoor het volledige construct.
Introduction
Injection of cells and/or single materials alone has shown variable success in other organ systems and limited success in cardiac regeneration.5,7-12 Currently, stem cell-derived cells are delivered to damaged tissue using a variety of delivery methods including: direct cell injection into tissue and perfusion into the blood supply.13-17 Others have implanted cells alone, materials alone and/or in combination with material carriers to help regenerate damaged organs.18-21 This design combines multiple strategies that provide material strength, patterning in multiple materials and multiple cell types.
Specifically, the base acellularized fibrous matrix provides the foundational physical strength to the construct, making it suitable for suturing in into the patient, if necessary. The void spaces in the base matrix are filled with endothelial cells in a neovascular permissive hydrogel22 for rapidly establishing vascularization of the implanted construct. This composite is then integrated with pre-patterned cell sheets that allow enhanced cell-to-cell communication, more closely mimic the native tissue.1,23-25 The overall production process for the layered cellular patch is outlined by the flowchart in Figure 1.
Protocol
Representative Results
Discussion
De kritische stappen in het protocol zijn onder meer: het coaten van de plaat oppervlakken met de warmteresponsieve polymeer en het manipuleren van de cel vellen na het afkoelen van de platen. Omdat verschillende cellen vertonen verschillende fysische eigenschappen, zoals kleefkracht, het opheffen tijd worden geoptimaliseerd voor elk ander celtype. De tweede, en meest significant uitdagende onderdeel van dit protocol, draait om het manipuleren van de cellaag, een cruciaal aspect van de methoden voor het weefsel mo…
Divulgazioni
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
This work was funded by a New Faculty Award II from the California Institute of Regenerative Medicine (CIRM; RN2-00921-1), NIH-funded National Research Award (F32-HL104924), and CIRM Training Grant (TG21163). Materials were provided by: Glycosan Biosystems Inc / BioTime and Dr. Stephen Badylak (University of Pittsburgh)
Materials
| Table of Reagents: | |||
| Reagent | Company | Catalogue number | Comments |
| Calcein-AM | Invitrogen | C3099 | Cell tracker / live dye |
| Lysotracker Red | Invitrogen | L7528 | Cell tracker |
| Neutral Red | Sigma | N7005 | Visible Cell dye |
| pNIPAAM | Sigma Aldrich | 412780250 | Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) |
| Toluene | Sigma Aldrich | 244511-1L | |
| Hexane | Sigma Aldrich | 296090-1L | |
| RAOSMC | Lonza | R-ASM-580 | Rat Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells |
| SmGM2 | Lonza | CC-4149 | Smooth Muscle Media |
| HUVEC | Invitrogen | C-003-5C | Human Venous Endothelial Cells |
| HyStem | Glycosan/Biotime | ———— | |
| Isopropyl alcohol | VWR International | BDH1133-4LP | |
| Trypsin | Corning Cellgro | 25-053-C1 | |
| PBS | Gibco | 14287-072 | |
| FBS | Gibco | 16140-071 | |
| Table of Specific Equipment: | |||
| Equipment | Company | Catalogue number | Comments (optional) |
| Filter paper | Ahlstrom | 6310-0900 | |
| Buchner Funnel | Sigma Aldrich | Z247308 | |
| UpCell Plates | Nunc | 2014-11 | |
| UV light. | Jelight Company | UVO Cleaner Model No.42 |
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