Summary

一个完整的皮肤缺损模型,以评估生物材料的血管化<em>体内</em

Published: August 28, 2014
doi:

Summary

血管是关键,成功的组织工程方法。因此,可靠的技术是必需的,以评估组织构建体的血管网络的发展。在这里,我们提出一个简单和具有成本效益的方法来可视化和量化血管在体内

Abstract

血管化不足被认为是限制性的组织工程化构建体的临床成功的主要因素之一。为了评价新的策略,其目的是提高血管化的,可靠的方法是必需的,以使得在生长的新血管进入生物人工支架可见和量化的结果。在过去的几年中,我们的团队已经推出了全层皮肤缺损模型,使血管的直接可视化通过透,并提供量化,通过数字化分割的可能性。在此模式中,一个外科地在小鼠背部创建完整皮肤缺陷并将它们替换为所测试的材料。分子或感兴趣的细胞也可以在这些材料掺入以研究它们的潜在影响。经过自己选择的观察时间,材料植进行评估。双侧伤口提供进行内部比较次的可能在减少个体之间的工件,以及减少所需的研究的动物的数量的。相较于其他方法,我们的方法提供了一种简单,可靠和具有成本效益的分析。我们已经实现了这个模式作为常规工具测试不同的生物材料和生物活化方法的血管时,执行高解析度的筛选。

Introduction

在最近的几十年中,组织工程开辟了新的治疗选择与人体自身的细胞替换1组织缺损。为了支持组织再生的生理过程,支架被设计成可生物降解的结构,即提供了一种方案,其中从伤口床的细胞能生长和恢复的缺陷2,3。

血管化不足被认为是主要的障碍,这阻碍了生物人工支架4的临床突破。与细胞的向内生长,营养物质和氧的增加,材料的血管化的需求变得至关重要。因此不足或延迟血管可导致组织工程产品5中央坏死。此外,血管提供免疫感受态细胞并去除代谢残留在再生区。高感染率和低再生只部分的血流灌注不足,在组织工程中所观察到的结果,其目的都是为了通过增加支架6,7的血管被避免。

几种策略,目的是改善血管聚焦在生物材料本身和支架的微观结构中的关键作用。有深入的研究努力,从修理转向愈合过程中再生 ,从而(重新)产生的组织与最接近的生理特性,以一个开发新的方法来恢复8,9。到研究和评估与问候他们的再生潜能的生物材料包括胶原蛋白,纤维蛋白,壳聚糖和海藻酸钠10,11。这些生物材料可以使用,组合为骨干,建立使用不同的策略,新的支架,如脱细胞组织,自组装,快速成型和静电12。为了ENHANCE人体自身的再生能力,支架可生物活化。重组血管生成生长掺入因子13或基因载体等因素后14编码已经显示出改善支架的血管。利用干细胞已被广泛证明是一种很有前途的战略,以改善血管化,其中的间充质基质细胞和内皮祖细胞获得了最多的关注15,16。其他方法试图建立包含移植前17预制的血管网络结构。尽管支架设计密集的努力和他们的生物活性,没有战略已经在临床上显著水平提高血管,并与大规模烧伤除真皮替代的,翻译生物工程材料进入临床常规只发生欲言又止18

之一的原因的血管人工组织结构仍然是一个未解决的问题,是评价新技术在体内的方法取得成功的难度。虽然在体外实验可提供支架的血管形成潜力的重要的见解,合适的动物模型是必需的,研究的关键参数,如材料的生物相容性,该处理的特别重要的安全性和有效性,并且,该组织的血管构建。因此,可靠的工具来可视化和量化的血管网络, 在体内是必需的。

在本研究中,我们提出了一种简单而可靠的方法,它允许取出的支架内的血管网络的可视化和量化。这个方法是基于组织透和数字分割。由于该方法是非侵入性的,它可以使靶材料的进一步分子和组织学分析。

Protocol

1,准备的支架通过使用12毫米活检穿孔产生的支架的样品。 引进生物活性分子或细胞进入支架,轻轻挤压它们,用无菌纱布引流支架。然后通过加入160微​​升含有生物活性分子或所关注的细胞的溶液中再水化的支架。仔细检查,通过代谢试验,如MTT法生物活化与细胞的成功。 如果需要的话,固定的化合物或细胞可以在支架内测试了通过在纤维蛋白的​​凝血酶溶液或水凝…

Representative Results

一个可靠的双边全皮肤缺损所用的小鼠( 图1),其中所述皮肤可以由生物材料进行研究( 图2)来代替被创建。在这里,没有严重的并发症是中或手术操作后,无论是宏观的感染或异物反应的迹象观察。在极少数情况下,支架被当鼠标中删除丢失。伤口收缩从未被观察到( 图3)。组织透允许明确的高达30微米的宽度的血管结构的可视化,整个组织样品,其?…

Discussion

有必要建立在改善血流灌注组织工程构建,这需要新的可靠的方法发展到生物材料研究中的血管形成过程中的成功做法。用于制造支架的血管的体外可见常见的方法包括使用显微镜,它提供了高分辨率的工具。在大多数情况下,虽然,这种方法仅限于较小的组织区域的分析,而且往往是昂贵的和费时的。此外,它通常包括复杂的标签和染色的方法,其中血液灌注容器不能从非功能性的人<sup…

Divulgazioni

The authors have nothing to disclose.

Acknowledgements

Integra真皮再生模板,请通过Integra生命科学公司提供。资金配套工作来源:(上午十时正15090007),这项工作由CIRM,BMBF的早期平移二奖及FONDAP中心基因组调控既要JTE了部分资金。

Materials

Name of Material/ Equipment Company Catalog Number Comments/Description
Ethilon P-3 13 mm 3/8 circle 5-0 Ethicon, Norderstedt, Germany 698G Ethilon polyamid-6 precision point-reverse cutting suture
Biopsy punches (10 mm) Xiomedics, Acuderm inc., Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA P1050
Biopsy punches (12 mm) Xiomedics, Acuderm inc., Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA P1250
Digital camera  Ricoh, Hannover, Germany Cx1
Gazin Mullkompresse  Lohmann und Rauscher, Neuwied, Germany 13622 Sterile gauze (10 cm x 10 cm)
Double-layer collagen-based scaffold (8 'x 10') Integra Life Science Corporation, Plainsboro, NJ, USA 88101
Isoflurane, liquid-gas for inhalative anesthesia  Baxter, Unterschleissheim, Germany 100196040
Pentobarbital, 16 g / 100 ml Fa. Merial, Hallbergmoos
Nuri Nu/Nu Nude mice, CrLNU-Foxn1nu Charles River, Sulzfeld, Germany Strain code 088 Athymic nude mice, 6 to 8 weeks of age and with a body weight between 20 to 25 g 
Buprenorphine (0.3 mg/ml) Essex Pharma GmbH, Munich, Germany
Titanized mesh (15 cm x 15 cm), extralight PFM Medical AG, Köln, Germany 6000029
Tissucol Duo S Immuno 2 ml Baxter Germany GmbH, Unterschleißheim, Germany B1332020110614 Fibrin-thrombin solution 
Transparent adhesove drape (30.5 cm x 26 cm) KCI Medical Products, Wimborne Dorset, UK M6275009/10

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Schenck, T. L., Chávez, M. N., Condurache, A. P., Hopfner, U., Rezaeian, F., Machens, H., Egaña, J. T. A Full Skin Defect Model to Evaluate Vascularization of Biomaterials In Vivo. J. Vis. Exp. (90), e51428, doi:10.3791/51428 (2014).

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