Summary

Isolering av Mitokondrier fra minimale mengder av Mouse Skeletal Muscle for høy gjennomstrømming Micro respirasjonsmålinger

Published: November 13, 2015
doi:

Summary

Here, we present a modification of a previously reported method that allows for the isolation of high quality and purified mitochondria from smaller quantities of mouse skeletal muscle. This procedure results in highly coupled mitochondria that respire with high function during microplate based respirometirc assays.

Abstract

Dysfunksjonelle skjelettmuskel mitokondrier spille en rolle i endret metabolisme observert med aldring, overvekt og type II diabetes. Mitokondrie respirometrisk analysene fra preparater av isolerte mitokondrier tillate vurdering av mitokondriell funksjon, så vel som bestemmelse av mekanismen (e) av virkningen av narkotika og proteiner som modulerer metabolisme. Nåværende isoleringsprosedyrer krever ofte store mengder av vev for å gi høy kvalitet mitokondrier er nødvendige for respirometrisk analyser. Metodene som presenteres heri beskriver hvordan høy kvalitet renset mitochondria (~ 450 ug) kan isoleres fra minimale mengder (~ 75 til 100 mg) av mus skjelettmuskulatur for anvendelse ved høy gjennomstrømning respirasjonsmålinger. Vi fastslått at vår isolasjonsmetoden gir 92,5 ± 2,0% intakt mitokondriene ved å måle citratsyntaseaktivitet spektrofotometrisk. I tillegg, Western blot-analyse i isolerte mitokondrier resulterte i svak ekspresjon av cytosolic protein, GAPDH og robust uttrykk for mitokondrie protein, COXIV. Fraværet av en fremtredende GAPDH bånd i de isolerte mitokondrier er indikativ for lite forurensning fra ikke-mitokondrielle kilder under isoleringsprosedyren. Viktigst, måling av O 2 forbruk hastighet med micro-plate basert teknologi og bestemme luftkontrollforholdet (RCR) for koblede respirometrisk analyser viser svært kombinert (RCR;> 6 for alle analyser) og funksjonelle mitokondrier. Som konklusjon, tilsetning av et separat hakking trinn og betydelig redusere motordrevet homogenisering hastigheten til en tidligere rapportert fremgangsmåte har tillatt isoleringen av høy kvalitet og renset mitokondrier fra mindre mengder av mus skjelettmuskulatur som resulterer i sterkt koplet mitokondrier som respirere med høy funksjon under mikro basert respirometirc analyser.

Introduction

The primary function of mitochondria is to produce ATP from oxidative phosphorylation. However, mitochondria have many other important cellular functions including but not limited to: the production and detoxification of reactive oxygen species, the regulation of cytoplasmic and mitochondrial calcium, organelle trafficking, ionic homeostasis, and involvement in apoptosis1,2. Therefore, it is not surprising that dysfunctional mitochondria play a role in many disease pathologies, such as aging, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular disease, cancer, obesity, and diabetes3,4. Importantly, skeletal muscle mitochondria specifically are involved in many of these pathologies3-5.

Mitochondrial respiration assays using isolated mitochondria allow for the assessment of electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation function, and the determination of mechanism(s) of action of drugs and proteins that modulate metabolism. Mitochondrial isolation procedures exist for multiple tissue and cell types for a variety of species6,7. However, these procedures often require large quantities of tissue/cells for a high quality mitochondria yield necessary for classic respirometric assays.

Microplate based respirometirc assays allow for high throughput measurements using minimal quantities of isolated mitochondria, often just several µg per well8. Therefore, we present a modification of previously published methods7 to allow for high quality mitochondria to be isolated from smaller quantities of mouse skeletal muscle for use in microplate based respirometirc assays. In addition, methods are provided to establish the quality of the mitochondrial isolation preparation and the integrity of the mitochondrial membranes. Given that skeletal muscle mitochondria are involved in many pathological conditions, the measurement of O2 consumption in mechanistically driven studies is becoming more prevalent in biomedical research9,10.

Protocol

Dyrestudier ble utført under en godkjent protokoll av Institutional Animal Care og bruk Utvalget ved Virginia Polytechnic Institute og State University. 1. Setup (Time: ~ 45 min) Tine frosne butikker på 0,25% Trypsin, Isolation Buffer for Mitokondrier (IBM) 1 og IBM2 i en 37 ° C vannbad. Skyll glass og dissekere instrumenter i 70% etanol etterfulgt av høy renhet vann. Forbered 0,05% trypsinoppløsning fra 0,25% trypsin lager ved å fortynne en del trypsin i…

Representative Results

Citratsyntaseaktivitet tjener som et mål for membranintegritet siden citratsyntaseaktivitet er plassert i den indre mitokondriemembranen, og derfor bør ikke være til stede i suspensjoner av mitochondria med intakte membraner. Figur 1 representerer citratsyntaseaktivitet i ikke-ultralydbehandlet mitokondrielle prøvene sammenlignet med sonikert prøver fra samme isolasjon. Sonicating mitokondrienes resulterer i en statistisk signifikant økning i citratsyntaseaktivitet (P <0,01). Viktigere, 92,5 ±…

Discussion

Metodene som presenteres heri, gir en detaljert beskrivelse av en mitokondriell isoleringsprosedyren fra minimale mengder (~ 75 til 100 mg) av mus skjelettmuskel. Denne isolasjonen prosedyren er i stand til å gi høyt fungerende, ren mitokondrier (~ 450 mikrogram) som gjenspeiles av O 2 forbruk priser, RCR verdier, maksimal citratsyntaseaktivitet og protein expression fra immunoblotting. Viktigere, kan mitokondriene isolert fra denne fremgangsmåten kan brukes for flere respirometirc analyser med mikroplateb…

Divulgazioni

The authors have nothing to disclose.

Acknowledgements

The Fralin Life Science Research Institute and The Metabolic Phenotyping Core at Virginia Tech supported this work.

Materials

Essentially Fatty Sigma Aldrich A6003 N/A
Acid Free- BSA
Tris/HCl Promega H5123 N/A
KCL Sigma Aldrich P9541 N/A
Tris Base Promega H5135 N/A
EDTA Sigma Aldrich E6511 N/A
EGTA Sigma Aldrich E4378 N/A
Sucrose Sigma Aldrich S7903 N/A
D-Mannitol Sigma Aldrich 63559 N/A
Trypsin-EDTA (0.25%), phenol red Thermo Scientific 25200-056 N/A
Sodium Chloride
White Crystals or Crystalline Powder
≥99.0 %
Fisher Scientific BP3581 N/A
Sodium dodecyl sulfate Sigma Aldrich L3771  N/A
Sodium deoxycholate Sigma Aldrich D6750  N/A
Polyoxyethylene (12) nonylphenyl ether, branched Sigma Aldrich 238651 N/A
Single Edge Razor Blades Fisher Scientific 12-640 N/A
Falcon- 100 uM Nylon Cell Strainers Fisher Scientific 352360 N/A
Halt Protease & Phosphatse Inhibitor Cocktail Thermo Scientific 1861284 N/A
1.5mL microcentrifuge tubes with screw cap Thermo Scientific 3474 N/A
Zirconium Oxide beads Fisher Scientific C9012112 N/A
GAPDH antibody (1D4) Santa Cruz Biotechnology sc-59540 N/A
Anti- COXIV antibody Cell Signaling 4844s Any mitochondrial inner membrane protein will suffice
Peroxidase conjugated affinipure Donkey, Anti Rabbit IgG (H+L) Jackson ImmunoResearh 711-035-152 N/A
Peroxidase conjugated affinipure Goat, Anti Mouse IgG (H+L) Jackson ImmunoResearh 115-001-003 N/A
Triton-X100 Sigma Aldrich X100 N/A
Pierce BCA Protein Assay Kit  Thermo Scientific 23225 N/A
Pyruvic Acid, 98% Sigma Aldrich 107360 Store at 4°C,pH to 7.4 with KOH prior to use in respirometric assay
Succinic Acid Sigma Aldrich S9512 Store at room temperature, pH to 7.4 with KOH prior to use in respirometric assay
L(-) Malic Acid, BioXtra, ≥95% Sigma Aldrich M6413 Store at room temperature, to 7.4 with KOH prior to use in respirometric assay
L-Glutamic acid Sigma Aldrich G1251 Store at room temperature, to 7.4 with KOH prior to use in respirometric assay, to 7.4 with KOH prior to use in respirometric assay
Palmitoyl L-carnitine chloride Sigma Aldrich P1645 Store at -20°C
Oligomycin A, ≥ 95% (HPLC) Sigma Aldrich 75351 Store at -20°C
Carbonyl cyanide 4-(trifluoromethoxy) Sigma Aldrich C2920 Store at 2-8°C
phenylhydrazone
≥98% (TLC), powder [FCCP]
Antimycin A from streptomyces sp. Sigma Aldrich A8674 Store at -20°C
Adenosine 5′-diphosphate monopotassium salt dehydrate [ADP] Sigma Aldrich A5285 Store at -20°C, to 7.4 with KOH prior to use in respirometric assay
Rotenone Sigma Aldrich R8875 Store at room temperature

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Citazione di questo articolo
Boutagy, N. E., Pyne, E., Rogers, G. W., Ali, M., Hulver, M. W., Frisard, M. I. Isolation of Mitochondria from Minimal Quantities of Mouse Skeletal Muscle for High Throughput Microplate Respiratory Measurements. J. Vis. Exp. (105), e53217, doi:10.3791/53217 (2015).

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