ガラスの表面機能を介して、標的細胞の単離方法
Summary
This protocol describes customizable surface functionalization of the desthiobiotin, streptavidin, and APTES system in order to isolate specific cell types of interest. In addition, this manuscript covers the applications, optimization, and verification of this process.
Abstract
One of the limiting factors to the adoption and advancement of personalized medicine is the inability to develop diagnostic tools to probe individual nuances in expression from patient to patient. Current methodologies that try to separate cells to fill this niche result in disruption of physiological expression, making the separation technique useless as a diagnostic tool. In this protocol, we describe the functionalization and optimization of a surface for the cellular capture and release. This functionalized surface integrates biotinylated antibodies with a glass surface functionalized with an aminosilane (APTES), desthiobiotin and streptavidin. Cell release is facilitated through the introduction of biotin, allowing the recollection and purification of cells captured by the surface. This release is done through the targeting of the secondary moiety desthiobiotin, which results in a much more gentle release paradigm. This reduction in harsh reagents and shear forces reduces changes in cellular expression. The functionalized surface captures up to 80% of cells in a single cell mixture and has demonstrated 50% capture in a dual-cell mixture. Applications of this technology to xenografts and cancer separation studies are investigated. Quantification techniques for surface verification such as plate reader and ImageJ analyses are described as well.
Introduction
現在のベンチトップ細胞分離手法（ 例えば 、蛍光活性化細胞は1ソート、レーザーキャプチャーマイクロダイセクション2、免疫磁気ビーズ分離1）が準備し、ソートの数時間かかることがあります。これらの大きな時間スケールは、生理学的応答3の代表ではない分析の結果、生理学的応答および発現レベルに影響を与えることができます。システムは、迅速かつ効率的な生物医学的用途のための細胞の単離及び濃縮を改善するために、細胞表面受容体レベルを中断することなく、特定の細胞型を分離することができる必要とされています。したがって、我々のアプローチの理論的根拠は、細胞単離のための穏やかなアプローチを開発することです。
「ラボオンチップ」概念が速く（時間・ツー・分）細胞単離を桁違いの約束を提供し、最も頻繁に表面上に細胞を捕捉し、細胞や細胞内のコンテを解放することを含みます4,5物理的または化学的方法6を通じてNTS。これらのアプローチは、このようなRNA発現9-11、あるいはin vitro培養12,13のための細胞を提供する識別、タンパク質7,8式を識別するなど、いくつかの利点を提供していますが、これらの技術の多くは、このような原因で細胞受容体プロファイリングなどの診断に翻 訳することはできませんそれらの非生理的な環境です。このようなコラゲナーゼなどの酵素リフティング剤もこれらのリフティングエージェントが正確な生理学的データを生成しません使用する細胞受容体の定量化技術を意味し、これらの受容体の量14,15に影響を与えることができます。細胞溶解は、天然の表面受容体との間の差別化を防止し、あらかじめ16を内在したもの。このプロトコルは、細胞単離のための高速かつ穏やかなアプローチを説明しています。
Protocol
Representative Results
Discussion
細胞分離技術の改善は、血管生物学19で細胞の再生生物学でのプログラミング、および血管新生シグナル伝達幹、神経科学18における構造と機能の関係に科学的研究をfurthers。実際、初代細胞培養物20（ 例えば 、HUVECを）血管生物学のは、主として細胞分離技術を使用して行われます。細胞の単離は、最近細胞膜受容体3,14,15,19,21の定量的な流れ（qFlow）?…
Divulgazioni
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
We would like to thank the American Cancer Society, Illinois Division (282802) and the National Science Foundation CBET (1512598) for funding support. We also would like to thank Dr. Dianwen Zhang from the University of Illinois Beckman Institute for microscopy training. Finally, we would like to thank Jared Weddell, Stacie Chen, and Spencer Mamer for insightful discussions.
Materials
| (3-Aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES) | Acros Organics | 919-30-2 | Used to make 2% APTES solution |
| Plasma Cleaner Pico | Diener | Model 1 | Cleans surfaces and allows for bonding of PDMS to glass |
| d-Desthiobiotin (DSB) | Sigma | D20655 | Used as the releasing mechanism in the cellular capture surface. |
| dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) | British Drug Houses (BDH) | BDH1115-1LP | Dissolves the DSB into solution |
| 1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) | Thermo-Scientific | 5g: 22980 25g: 22981 |
Activates Carboxylic Acids and allows binding of proteins to glass surface. |
| uncoated 8-well culture slide | BD Falcon | Case of 24: 354118 Case of 96: 354108 |
Used in cellular experiments involving Zeiss fluorescence microscope such as initial capture and release quantification experiments |
| Glass bottom 24-well plates | MatTek | P24G-0-13-F | Used in cellular experiments involving the plate reader such as antibody and cellular titration experiments |
| Mercaptoethanol | Science Lab | 60-24-2 | Used to quench reaction between EDC and DSB |
| 4-Morpholinoethanesulfonic acid hydrate (MES Hydrate 99%) |
Fisher Scientific | AC172590250 | Used to make 0.1 M MES Buffer for use in EDC reaction |
| Precision Oven | Thermo Scientific | 11-475-153 | Used in curing of PDMS and APTES layer. |
| Titramax 1000 Shaker | Heidolph | 13-889-420 | Used to ensure even distribution of APTES on surfaces. |
| 1X Streptavidin 5mg [e7105-5mg] |
Proteo Chem | 9013-20-1 | Biotin-binding protein May cause irritation |
| 5 cm Glass Dish | Fisher Scientific | 08748A | Used in HUVEC studies as well as future profiling studies. |
| 14 cm Petri Dish with Cover | Sigma-Aldrich | Z717231 | Used to hold samples being functionalized and transport them. |
| MCF7-GFP cells | Cell Biolabs | AKR211 | Stored in liquid nitrogen |
| RAW264.7 mouse macrophages |
ATCC | TIB-71 | Gifted to us from Smith lab at the University of Illinois. Stored in liquid nitrogen |
| TrypLE | Life Technologies | 12605036 | Stored in 100mL at room temperature |
| Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium | Cell Media Facility at School of Chemical Sciences at UIUC | 50003PC | Supplier: Corning |
| Nonessential amino acids | Cell Media Facility at School of Chemical Sciences at UIUC | 25-025-CI | Already added into DMEM by facility. Supplier: Corning |
| 10% fetal bovine serum | Fisher Scientific | 03-600-511 | Stored in 500mL at < -10⁰C |
| 1% Penicillin–Streptomycin | Life Sciences Storeroom at UIUC | 17602e | Supplier: VWR Stored in 100 ml at 4⁰C |
| Cell scraper | Fisher Scientific | 12-565-58 | Small 23cm 50 pack |
| Cell Dissociation Solution | Corning | MT-25-056CI | Used to lift cells non-enzymatically for the use in cell experiments |
| Hemacytometer | Hausser | 02-671-54 | Used to count cells for quantification of cell solutions and capture and release effectivity. |
| Biotin | Amresco | 58-85-5 | Used to release cells from surface. |
| HBSS | Created from Recipe | N/A | Used to keep cells alive in suspension as well as wash surfaces of non-specific binding. (Adapted from Cold Spring Harbor Protocols): In 500 mL, use 4 g NaCl, .2 g KCl, .0402 g Na2PO4*7H2O, .03 g KH2PO4 and .5 g Glucose. Add DI water to get to 500 mL, filter, and then refrigerate. |
| HLA-ABC Antibody | BioLegend | 311402 | Antibody used to capture MCF7gfp cells |
| hIgG Antibody | BioLegend | HP6017 | Antibody used to capture MCF7gfp cells |
| MCF7 GFP cells | Cell Biolabs | AKR-211 | Luminal Breast Cancer line that has been transfected with green fluorescent protein. |
| Assorted Conicals | Thermo-Scientific | 15mL: 12-565-268 | 50/15 mL plastic conicals for storing solutions and aliquots. |
| Mini-Tube Rotators (End over End Mixer) | Fisher Scientific | 05-450-127 | Used to incubate antibody and mix other cellular solutions in order to mix |
| Axiovert 200M (Fluorescence Microscope) | Zeiss | N/A | Zeiss Axiovert 200 M inverted florescence microscope. |
| Zeba Desalting columns | Thermo-Scientific | PI-87770 | Used to purify newly biotinylated antibodies after the use of the Biotinylation Kit. Instructions provided at: http://www.funakoshi.co.jp/data/datasheet/PCC/89894.pdf |
| EZ Link Sulfo NHS Low Weight Biotinylation Kit | Thermo- Scientific | Used to biotinylate antibodies to allow them to integrate with the capture surface | |
| Plate Reader | BioTek | Synergy HTX Multimode Reader | Used to quantitatively measure fluorescent intensity in the titration experiments. |
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