Induzione e valutazione di Exertional scheletrico danno muscolare negli esseri umani
Summary
This article describes a safe and reliable method to induce and quantify exertional skeletal muscle damage in human subjects.
Abstract
danno muscolare contrazione indotta tramite (allungamento) contrazioni volontarie eccentriche offre un ottimo modello per studiare l'adattamento e il recupero muscolare negli esseri umani. Qui si discute il disegno di un protocollo di esercizio eccentrico per indurre danni nei muscoli quadricipiti, segnati da cambiamenti nella forza, dolore, e livelli di creatina chinasi plasma. Questo metodo è semplice, etico e ampiamente applicabile poiché viene eseguita in soggetti umani ed elimina la traduzione interspecie dei risultati. Soggetti eseguono 300 massime contrazioni eccentriche dei muscoli estensori del ginocchio alla velocità di 120 ° / sec su un dinamometro isocinetico. L'entità del danno è misurabile attraverso misure isocinetica e isometrica relativamente non-invasive di perdita di forza, dolore, e livelli di creatina chinasi nel plasma di diversi giorni a seguito dell'esercizio. Pertanto, la sua applicazione può essere diretto a specifiche popolazioni nel tentativo di identificare meccanismi per muscoloadattamento e rigenerazione.
Introduction
The overall goal of this procedure is to induce exertional damage to the quadriceps femoris muscles using voluntary lengthening (eccentric) contractions in human subjects.
Contraction-induced skeletal muscle damage is a common consequence of exercise that is marked by delayed onset muscle soreness1, transient strength loss, and elevated muscle-specific enzymes in the blood2. Exertional muscle damage is most pronounced following exercise to which the subject is unaccustomed, particularly when eccentric contractions are involved3. Exertional muscle damage is typically benign. Soreness subsides, and both serum proteins and strength typically return to pre-damage levels within a few days to weeks after the damaging insult. In extreme cases, exertional muscle damage can lead to a life-threatening syndrome know as rhabdomyolysis. However, exertional muscle damage is usually insufficient to cause clinical rhabdomyolysis in healthy individuals4 in the absence of compounding factors including heat stress, dehydration5, infection6 or rare genetic predispositions7.
Contraction-induced muscle damage is typically less severe than toxin-induced or freezing-induced injury, methods often used in rodent studies8,9. Yet, contraction-induced injury provides a useful method to study the muscle damage response with notable advantages. First, it is a safe and ethical method for use with human subjects1-3. Thus, interspecies translation of the results is not needed as data can be obtained directly from human subjects. Moreover, translating data obtained from rodent studies is very difficult given that the severity of injury seen in the rodent injury models exceeds the level of damage that would be ethical to induce in human subjects. Second, contraction-induced damage is commonly experienced and a natural process of exercise. Therefore, this mode of damage induction is useful for studying muscle damage in the context of exercise, adaptation to exercise as well as overt muscle injury. Here we describe a safe and reliable method to induce and evaluate skeletal muscle damage using lengthening contractions in humans.
Protocol
Representative Results
Discussion
Diversi passaggi sono fondamentali per ottenere i risultati desiderati di questo protocollo. In primo luogo, i soggetti devono essere adeguatamente familiarità ai protocolli di contrazione, in particolare le misure di forza. Assicurarsi che il soggetto capisce esattamente quello che ci si aspetta di fare e dare loro l'opportunità di praticare le prove di resistenza prima della raccolta dei dati. I soggetti che non sono adeguatamente familiarità con queste procedure possono mostrare una curva di apprendimento nel …
Divulgazioni
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
The authors have no acknowledgements.
Materials
| Biodex Dynomometer | Biodex Medical Systems | 850-000 | Other models are available and should produce similar results |
| Creatine Kinase kit | Sigma-Aldrich | MAK116 | |
| Serum Vacutainers | BD Bioscience | 367812 | |
| Winged safety push button blood collection set | BD Bioscience | 367338 | |
| Cryogenic vials | Sigma-Aldrich | V5007 | We use the 2mL vials to store serum aliquots |
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