Stereolithographic 3D 印刷用可再生丙烯酸酯
Summary
介绍了一种可再生光敏树脂在光固化成形装置上的添加剂制造协议。
Abstract
具有成本竞争性的可再生材料的可获得性及其在添加剂制造中的应用是有效生物基经济的关键。我们展示了可持续树脂的快速原型使用 stereolithographic 3D 打印机。树脂配方是通过直接混合生物基丙烯酸酯单体和寡聚物与 photoinitiatior 和光吸收器。树脂粘度受单体对低聚比的控制, 由平行板几何流变仪确定为剪切速率函数。用生物基树脂充电的 stereolithographic 装置, 用于生产复杂形状的原型, 精度高。该产品需要后处理, 包括酒精冲洗和紫外线照射, 以确保完全固化。通过扫描电镜, 揭示了原型的高特征分辨率和良好的表面整理。
Introduction
快速原型实现了按需生产和设计自由, 并允许以逐层方式有效地制造3D 结构1。因此, 3D 印刷作为一种制造技术, 近年来发展迅速,2。各种技术都是可用的, 都依赖于将虚拟模型转换为物理对象, 并应用挤压、直接能量沉积、粉末凝固、薄板层压和聚合等过程。后者涉及逐步 UV 固化液体光敏树脂。在 1986年, 赫尔和同事们开发了光固化成形设备 (SLA), 一种 UV 激光3D 打印机。最近, 一个类似的过程称为数字光处理 (DLP) 已经成为可用, 其中聚合是由一个轻型投影机启动。DLP 和 SLA 一起称为光固化成形3D 打印3。
SLA 应用于高分辨率的生物医学器件的原型制作和制造4,5。该技术在精度、表面处理和分辨率6方面优于广泛应用的熔融沉积模型。根据产品的体系结构, 在3D 模型中集成了一个支持结构, 以在制造过程中稳定构造。此外, 印刷后处理的制造零件是需要7,8。通常, 打印的对象被洗涤在酒精浴溶化反应树脂, 并且后续固化在一个 UV 烤箱被执行保证9聚合的完全转换。
一般而言, 基于光刻的添加剂制造的树脂依赖于含有多功能丙烯酸酯或环氧化合物10的光敏系统。目前商业市场上的光敏树脂是基于化石和昂贵的, 而低成本再生树脂的供应是需要的, 以促进生物基经济的可持续3D 产品的无废料和本地制造1,6. 最近, 以可再生丙烯酸酯为基础的光敏树脂被开发并成功应用于光固化成形3D 印刷11,12。在这个详细的协议中, 我们展示了生物基树脂在商用光固化成形设备上的快速原型。特别注意程序中的关键步骤,即树脂配方和印后处理, 以帮助在添加剂制造领域的新从业者。
Protocol
Representative Results
Discussion
添加剂制造是应用于制造的量身定做的原型和小系列, 当较高的生产成本, 每部分可以与常规工艺竞争, 因为不需要生产模具和工具。在过去十年中, 与添加剂制造业有关的服务和产品的收入增长了13。材料销售的最大部分来自 photopolymers。这一增长引起了人们的关注, 并发起了主要工业的投资,例如航空航天、汽车、医疗。因此, 3D 印刷领域有望在未来几年内进一步扩大。
…Divulgazioni
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
这项研究得到 greenpac 公司聚合物应用中心的支持, 作为项目140413的一部分: “3D 印刷生产”。我们要感谢哈特曼, 科琳面包车 Noordenne, Rens 面包车 Leeuwen, Anniek 熊, Femke Tamminga, 范本面包车 Dijken 和阿尔伯特 Woortman, 以促进视频拍摄。
Materials
| Isobornyl acrylate | Sartomer | SA5102 | Acrylate monomer |
| 1,10-decanediol diacrylate | Sartomer | SA5201 | Acrylate monomer |
| Pentaerythritol tetraacrylate | Sartomer | SA5400 | Acrylate monomer |
| Multifunctional epoxy acrylate | Sartomer | SA7101 | Acrylate oligomer |
| Diphenyl(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl) phosphine oxide (TPO), 97% | Sigma Aldrich | 415952 | Photoinitiator |
| 2,5-bis(5-tert-butyl-benzoxazol-2-yl)thiophene (BBOT), 99% | Sigma Aldrich | 223999 | Optical absorber |
| Isopropyl alcohol (IPA), 99% | Bleko | 1010500 | For alcohol bath (applied in Form Wash) |
| Paar Physica MCR300 | Anton Paar | – | Rheometer with parallel plate geometry |
| Form 2 Printer | Formlabs | – | Desktop SLA 3D printer |
| Form Wash | Formlabs | – | Washing station |
| Form Cure | Formlabs | – | UV oven |
| Instron 4301 1KN Series IX | Instron | – | Universal testing machine |
| Philips XL30 ESEM-FEG | Philips | – | Scanning electron microscope |
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