Phospho flowcytometri med fluorescerende celle stregkodesystem for enkelt celle signalering analyse og biomarkør opdagelse
Summary
Her, præsenteres en protokol til medium-høj overførselshastighed analyse af protein fosforylering begivenheder på cellulært niveau. Phospho flowcytometri er en kraftfuld tilgang til at karakterisere signaling aberrationer, identificere og validere biomarkører og vurdere farmakodynamik.
Abstract
Afvigende celle signalering spiller en central rolle i udviklingen af kræft og progression. Mest roman målrettede behandlinger er faktisk rettet mod proteiner og protein funktioner, og celle signalering afvigelser kan derfor tjene som biomarkører at angive personlige behandlingsmuligheder. I modsætning til DNA og RNA analyser, kan ændringer i protein aktivitet mere effektivt evaluere de underliggende drug følsomhed og modstand mekanismer. Phospho flowcytometri er en kraftfuld teknik, der måler protein fosforylering begivenheder på cellulært niveau, et vigtigt element, der adskiller denne metode fra andre antistof-baserede tilgange. Metoden giver mulighed for simultan analyse af flere signaling proteiner. I kombination med fluorescerende celle stregkodesystem, kan større medium til høj overførselshastighed datasæt erhverves af standard forskellige hardware i kort tid. Phospho flowcytometri har applikationer såvel i undersøgelser af grundlæggende biologi i klinisk forskning, herunder signalering analyse, biomarkør opdagelse og vurdering af farmakodynamik. Her er en udførlig forsøgsplan fastsatte phospho flow analyse af renset perifert blod mononukleære celler, med kronisk lymfatisk leukæmiceller som eksempel.
Introduction
Phospho flowcytometri bruges til at analysere protein fosforylering niveauer på én celle opløsning. Det overordnede mål med metoden er at kortlægge cellulær signalering mønstre under specificerede betingelser. Ved at udnytte flowcytometri multiparameter kapacitet, kan flere signaling veje analyseres samtidig i forskellige delgrupper af en heterogene celle population som perifert blod. Disse træk tilbyde fordele i forhold til andre antistof-baserede teknologier såsom immunhistokemi, enzymmaerket assay (ELISA), protein array og omvendt fase protein array (RPPA)1. Phospho flowcytometri kan kombineres med fluorescerende celle stregkodesystem (FCB), hvilket betyder, at enkelte celle prøver er mærket med unik signaturer af fluorescerende farvestoffer, således at de kan være blandet sammen, farves og analyseret som en enkelt prøve2. Dette reducerer antistof forbruget, øger data robusthed gennem kombinationen af kontrol og behandlede prøver og øger hastigheden af erhvervelse. Den kombinerede FCB befolkning kan derefter opdelt i mindre prøver og farves med op til 35 forskellige phospho-specifikke antistoffer, afhængigt af mængden af start materiale. Store profilering eksperimenter kan derved køres med standard forskellige hardware. Phospho flowcytometri er blevet anvendt på profil signalerer veje i patient prøver fra flere hematological kræftformer, herunder kronisk lymfatisk leukæmi (CLL)3,4,5, akut myeloid leukæmi (AML) 6 og ikke-Hodgkin lymfomer7. Phospho flowcytometri er således en kraftfuld tilgang til at karakterisere signaling aberrationer, identificere og validere biomarkører og vurdere farmakodynamik.
Her tilbydes den optimerede protokol analyse af CLL patienten prøverne ved phospho flowcytometri (figur 1A). Eksempler på basal signaling karakterisering, anti-IgM/B-celle receptoren stimulation og narkotika undertrykkelse af netbårne er vist. En detaljeret beskrivelse af en FCB matrix er fastsat. Protokollen kan let tilpasses til andre suspension celletyper.
Protocol
Representative Results
Discussion
Phospho flowcytometri er en kraftfuld teknik til at måle fosforylering Proteinniveau i enkelte celler. Da metoden bygger på farvning med antistoffer, er phospho flowcytometri begrænset af antistof tilgængelighed. Desuden, for at opnå pålidelige resultater, alle antistoffer bør titreres og kontrollerede før brug. En detaljeret protokol til titrering af phospho-specifikke antistoffer har været beskrevet andetsteds12. Under panel design er overvejelse af signal-støj-forholdet kritisk. I eks…
Divulgazioni
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
Dette arbejde blev udført i laboratoriet af Professor Kjetil Taskén, og blev støttet af den norske Cancer Society og Stiftelsen Kristian Gerhard Jebsen. Johannes Landskron og Marianne Enger er anerkendt for kritisk læsning af manuskriptet.
Materials
| RPMI 1640 GlutaMAX | ThermoFisher Scientific | 61870-010 | Cell culture medium |
| Fetal bovine serum | ThermoFisher Scientific | 10270169 | Additive to cell culture medium |
| Sodium pyruvate | ThermoFisher Scientific | 11360-039 | Additive to cell culture medium |
| MEM non-essential amino acids | ThermoFisher Scientific | 11140-035 | Additive to cell culture medium |
| Lymphoprep | Alere Technologies AS | 1114547 | Density gradient medium |
| Anti-IgM | Southern Biotech | 2022-01 | For stimulation of the B cell receptor |
| BD Phosflow Fix Buffer I | BD | 557870 | Fixation buffer |
| BD Phosflow Perm Buffer III | BD | 558050 | Permeabilization buffer |
| Alexa Fluor 488 5-TFP | ThermoFisher Scientific | A30005 | Barcoding reagent |
| Pacific Blue Succinimidyl Ester | ThermoFisher Scientific | P10163 | Barcoding reagent |
| Pacific Orange Succinimidyl Ester, Triethylammonium Salt | ThermoFisher Scientific | P30253 | Barcoding reagent |
| Compensation beads | Defined by user | Correct species reactivity | |
| Falcon tubes | Defined by user | ||
| Eppendorf tubes | Defined by user | ||
| 96 well V-bottom plates | Defined by user | Compatible with the flow cytometer | |
| Centrifuges | Defined by user | For Eppendorf tubes, Falcon tubes and plates | |
| Water bath | Defined by user | Temperature regulated | |
| Flow cytometer | Defined by user | With High Throughput Sampler (HTS) | |
| Name | Company | Catalog Number | Comments |
| Antigen | |||
| AKT (pS473) | Cell Signaling Technologies | 4075 | Clone: D9E Reference: Myhrvold et al., 2018, Single cell profiling of phospho-protein levels in.., Oncotarget, 9(10):9273-9284 Parente-Ribes et al., 2016, Spleen tyrosine kinase inhibitors reduce…, Haematologica, 101(2):e59-62 Skånland et al., 2014, T-cell co-stimulation through the CD2 and CD28…, Biochem J, 460(3):399-410 Kalland et al., 2012, Modulation of proximal signaling in normal and transformed…, Exp Cell Res, 318(14):1611-9 |
| ATF-2 (pT71) | Santa Cruz Biotechnology | sc-8398 | Clone: F-1 Reference: Skånland et al., 2014, T-cell co-stimulation through the CD2 and CD28…, Biochem J, 460(3):399-410 Pollheimer et al., 2013, Interleukin-33 drives a proinflammatory endothelial…, Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 33(2):e47-55 |
| BLNK (pY84) | Beckton Dickinson Pharmingen | 558443 | Clone: J117-1278 Reference: Myhrvold et al., 2018, Single cell profiling of phospho-protein levels in.., Oncotarget, 9(10):9273-9284 Parente-Ribes et al., 2016, Spleen tyrosine kinase inhibitors reduce…, Haematologica, 101(2):e59-62 Kalland et al., 2012, Modulation of proximal signaling in normal and transformed…, Exp Cell Res, 318(14):1611-9 Myklebust et al., 2017, Distinct patterns of B-cell receptor signaling in…, Blood, 129(6): 759-770 |
| Btk (pY223)/Itk (pY180) | Beckton Dickinson Pharmingen | 564846 | Clone: N35-86 Reference: Myklebust et al., 2017, Distinct patterns of B-cell receptor signaling in…, Blood, 129(6): 759-770 |
| Btk (pY551) | Beckton Dickinson Pharmingen | 558129 | Clone: 24a/BTK (Y551) Reference: Kalland et al., 2012, Modulation of proximal signaling in normal and transformed…, Exp Cell Res, 318(14):1611-9 |
| Btk (pY551)/Itk (pY511) | Beckton Dickinson Pharmingen | 558134 | Clone: 24a/BTK (Y551) Reference: Myhrvold et al., 2018, Single cell profiling of phospho-protein levels in.., Oncotarget, 9(10):9273-9284 Parente-Ribes et al., 2016, Spleen tyrosine kinase inhibitors reduce…, Haematologica, 101(2):e59-62 |
| CD3ζ (pY142) | Beckton Dickinson Pharmingen | 558489 | Clone: K25-407.69 Reference: Skånland et al., 2014, T-cell co-stimulation through the CD2 and CD28…, Biochem J, 460(3):399-410 |
| Histone H3 (pS10) | Cell Signaling Technologies | 9716 | Clone: D2C8 Reference: Myhrvold et al., 2018, Single cell profiling of phospho-protein levels in.., Oncotarget, 9(10):9273-9284 |
| IκBα | Cell Signaling Technologies | 5743 | Clone: L35A5 Reference: Myklebust et al., 2017, Distinct patterns of B-cell receptor signaling in…, Blood, 129(6): 759-770 |
| LAT (pY171) | Beckton Dickinson Pharmingen | 558518 | Clone: I58-1169 Reference: Skånland et al., 2014, T-cell co-stimulation through the CD2 and CD28…, Biochem J, 460(3):399-410 |
| Lck (pY505) | Beckton Dickinson Pharmingen | 558577 | Clone: 4/LCK-Y505 Reference: Myhrvold et al., 2018, Single cell profiling of phospho-protein levels in.., Oncotarget, 9(10):9273-9284 |
| MEK1 (pS298) | Beckton Dickinson Pharmingen | 560043 | Clone: J114-64 Reference: Myhrvold et al., 2018, Single cell profiling of phospho-protein levels in.., Oncotarget, 9(10):9273-9284 Skånland et al., 2014, T-cell co-stimulation through the CD2 and CD28…, Biochem J, 460(3):399-410 |
| NF-κB p65 (pS529) | Beckton Dickinson Pharmingen | 558422 | Clone: K10-895.12.50 Reference: Myhrvold et al., 2018, Single cell profiling of phospho-protein levels in.., Oncotarget, 9(10):9273-9284 Skånland et al., 2014, T-cell co-stimulation through the CD2 and CD28…, Biochem J, 460(3):399-410 Kalland et al., 2012, Modulation of proximal signaling in normal and transformed…, Exp Cell Res, 318(14):1611-9 Pollheimer et al., 2013, Interleukin-33 drives a proinflammatory endothelial…, Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 33(2):e47-55 |
| NF-κB p65 (pS536) | Cell Signaling Technologies | 4887 | Clone: 93H1 Reference: Myhrvold et al., 2018, Single cell profiling of phospho-protein levels in.., Oncotarget, 9(10):9273-9284 Skånland et al., 2014, T-cell co-stimulation through the CD2 and CD28…, Biochem J, 460(3):399-410 Kalland et al., 2012, Modulation of proximal signaling in normal and transformed…, Exp Cell Res, 318(14):1611-9 |
| p38 MAPK (pT180/Y182) | Cell Signaling Technologies | 4552 | Clone: 28B10 Reference: Myhrvold et al., 2018, Single cell profiling of phospho-protein levels in.., Oncotarget, 9(10):9273-9284 Skånland et al., 2014, T-cell co-stimulation through the CD2 and CD28…, Biochem J, 460(3):399-410 Pollheimer et al., 2013, Interleukin-33 drives a proinflammatory endothelial…, Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 33(2):e47-55 |
| p44/42 MAPK (pT202/Y204) | Cell Signaling Technologies | 4375 | Clone: E10 Reference: Myhrvold et al., 2018, Single cell profiling of phospho-protein levels in.., Oncotarget, 9(10):9273-9284 Parente-Ribes et al., 2016, Spleen tyrosine kinase inhibitors reduce…, Haematologica, 101(2):e59-62 Skånland et al., 2014, T-cell co-stimulation through the CD2 and CD28…, Biochem J, 460(3):399-410 Kalland et al., 2012, Modulation of proximal signaling in normal and transformed…, Exp Cell Res, 318(14):1611-9 Pollheimer et al., 2013, Interleukin-33 drives a proinflammatory endothelial…, Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 33(2):e47-55 |
| p53 (pS15) | Cell Signaling Technologies | NN | Clone: 16G8 Reference: Irish et al., 2007, Flt3 Y591 duplication and Bcl-2 overexpression…, Blood, 109(6):2589-96 |
| p53 (pS20) | Cell Signaling Technologies | NN | Clone: Polyclonal Reference: Irish et al., 2007, Flt3 Y591 duplication and Bcl-2 overexpression…, Blood, 109(6):2589-96 |
| p53 (pS37) | Cell Signaling Technologies | NN | Clone: Polyclonal Reference: Irish et al., 2007, Flt3 Y591 duplication and Bcl-2 overexpression…, Blood, 109(6):2589-96 |
| p53 (pS46) | Cell Signaling Technologies | NN | Clone: Polyclonal Reference: Irish et al., 2007, Flt3 Y591 duplication and Bcl-2 overexpression…, Blood, 109(6):2589-96 |
| p53 (pS392) | Cell Signaling Technologies | NN | Clone: Polyclonal Reference: Irish et al., 2007, Flt3 Y591 duplication and Bcl-2 overexpression…, Blood, 109(6):2589-96 |
| PLCγ2 (pY759) | Beckton Dickinson Pharmingen | 558498 | Clone: K86-689.37 Reference: Myhrvold et al., 2018, Single cell profiling of phospho-protein levels in.., Oncotarget, 9(10):9273-9284 Myklebust et al., 2017, Distinct patterns of B-cell receptor signaling in…, Blood, 129(6): 759-770 |
| Rb (pS807/pS811) | Beckton Dickinson Pharmingen | 558590 | Clone: J112-906 Reference: Myhrvold et al., 2018, Single cell profiling of phospho-protein levels in.., Oncotarget, 9(10):9273-9284 Pollheimer et al., 2013, Interleukin-33 drives a proinflammatory endothelial…, Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 33(2):e47-55 |
| S6-Ribos. Prot. (pS235/236) | Cell Signaling Technologies | 4851 | Clone: D57.2.2E Reference: Myhrvold et al., 2018, Single cell profiling of phospho-protein levels in.., Oncotarget, 9(10):9273-9284 |
| SAPK/JNK (pT183/Y185) | Cell Signaling Technologies | 9257 | Clone: G9 Reference: Myhrvold et al., 2018, Single cell profiling of phospho-protein levels in.., Oncotarget, 9(10):9273-9284 Pollheimer et al., 2013, Interleukin-33 drives a proinflammatory endothelial…, Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 33(2):e47-55 |
| SLP76 (pY128) | Beckton Dickinson Pharmingen | 558438 | Clone: J141-668.36.58 Reference: Skånland et al., 2014, T-cell co-stimulation through the CD2 and CD28…, Biochem J, 460(3):399-410 |
| STAT1 (pY701) | Beckton Dickinson Pharmingen | 612597 | Clone: 4a Reference: Myhrvold et al., 2018, Single cell profiling of phospho-protein levels in.., Oncotarget, 9(10):9273-9284 Myklebust et al., 2017, Distinct patterns of B-cell receptor signaling in…, Blood, 129(6): 759-770 |
| STAT3 (pY705) | Beckton Dickinson Pharmingen | 557815 | Clone: 4/P-STAT3 Reference: Myhrvold et al., 2018, Single cell profiling of phospho-protein levels in.., Oncotarget, 9(10):9273-9284 |
| STAT4 (pY693) | Zymed/ThermoFisher Scientific | 71-7900 | Clone: Polyclonal Reference: Uzel et al., 2001, Detection of intracellular phosphorylated STAT-4 by flow cytometry, Clin Immunol, 100(3): 270-6 |
| STAT5 (pY694) | Beckton Dickinson Pharmingen | 612599 | Clone: 47/Stat5(pY694) Reference: Myhrvold et al., 2018, Single cell profiling of phospho-protein levels in.., Oncotarget, 9(10):9273-9284 Skånland et al., 2014, T-cell co-stimulation through the CD2 and CD28…, Biochem J, 460(3):399-410 Myklebust et al., 2017, Distinct patterns of B-cell receptor signaling in…, Blood, 129(6): 759-770 |
| STAT6 (pY641) | Beckton Dickinson Pharmingen | 612601 | Clone: 18/P-Stat6 Reference: Myhrvold et al., 2018, Single cell profiling of phospho-protein levels in.., Oncotarget, 9(10):9273-9284 |
| SYK (pY525/Y526) | Cell Signaling Technologies | 12081 | Clone: C87C1 Reference: Myhrvold et al., 2018, Single cell profiling of phospho-protein levels in.., Oncotarget, 9(10):9273-9284 Parente-Ribes et al., 2016, Spleen tyrosine kinase inhibitors reduce…, Haematologica, 101(2):e59-62 |
| ZAP70/SYK (pY319/Y352) | Beckton Dickinson Pharmingen | 557817 | Clone: 17A/P-ZAP70 Reference: Skånland et al., 2014, T-cell co-stimulation through the CD2 and CD28…, Biochem J, 460(3):399-410 Kalland et al., 2012, Modulation of proximal signaling in normal and transformed…, Exp Cell Res, 318(14):1611-9 Myklebust et al., 2017, Distinct patterns of B-cell receptor signaling in…, Blood, 129(6): 759-770 |
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