小龙虾心脏的连续无创测量与行为活动
Summary
本文介绍了一种用于小龙虾心脏和运动活动连续记录和分析的无创生物监测系统。该系统由近红外光学传感器、视频跟踪模块和评估小龙虾心跳的软件组成, 该软件反映了小龙虾的生理状态, 并描述了小龙虾在心跳波动期间的行为特征。
Abstract
小龙虾是一种重要的水生生物, 既是无脊椎动物行为和生理研究的实用生物模型, 也是水质的有用生物指标。尽管小龙虾不能直接指定导致水质恶化的物质, 但它们可以立即 (在几秒钟内) 通过心脏和行为活动的剧烈变化警告人类水质恶化。
在本研究中, 我们提出了一种非侵入性方法, 由于一个模型结合了简单性和可靠性, 可以在各种条件下实现。
这种将生物生物应用到环境评价过程中的方法, 为警告和防止环境中的急性水恶化提供了可靠和及时的警报。因此, 对这种基于小龙虾生理和伦理参数记录的无创系统进行了研究, 以检测水生环境中的变化。该系统现已应用于当地一家啤酒厂, 用于控制饮料生产用水的质量, 但可用于任何水处理和供水设施, 用于持续、实时的水质评价和定期实验室研究小龙虾心脏生理和行为。
Introduction
水生生物的应用主题, 既是各种实验室调查的示范生物 1、2,也是监测工业和自然环境水质的工具 3、4, 似乎是很好的研究。然而, 这一主题仍然是人类值得注意的问题, 无论他们是属于科学界还是属于其他职业。尽管存在一些先进的方法来监测某些参数 (所谓的 “生物标志物”)5,6, 7,8,选择指标由三个简单因素组成: (一) 简单性, (二) 可靠性, (三) 一般可用性。
小龙虾作为淡水动物的重要代表, 之所以与众不同, 是因为它在世界范围内很普遍, 而且在大多数情况下,9 有足够大和坚硬的甲壳, 适合操作。这种甲壳类动物属于较高的无脊椎动物群体, 它们提供了重要的生理系统和各自器官的充分发展, 同时保持了一个相对简单的组织10。
方法在对小龙虾的生物学和行为参数范围进行评估的基础上, 对一般生物监测和小龙虾研究的发展作出了重大贡献。目前可用的小龙虾心率测量侵入性方法大多是基于心电图记录, 需要复杂而精确的外科手术11,12,13;这样的操作可能会对小龙虾造成巨大的压力, 并可能需要长时间的适应。另外, 不知道小龙虾能携带这样的电极多久, 也不知道它在携带这种附件的同时是否会成功蜕皮。所述的无创方法是基于平面记录的, 这由于硬件复杂性而变得复杂, 需要一个信号滤波的调理电路14和一个放大或精确而昂贵的光学元件15 ,16。
在这项研究中, 我们描述了一种有助于现有结果的方法, 并为改进当前的小龙虾心率测量程序提供了新的替代方法。在这些优点中, 有 (i) 快速和无创的依恋, 不需要长时间的生理适应;(ii) 小龙虾在从成型到蜕花的几个月内携带传感器的能力;(iii) 能够监测实时心脏和行为活动以及评估同时从多条小龙虾获得的数据的软件;(iv) 制造价格低、简单。我们描述的生物监测系统允许根据小龙虾的伦理生理特性的变化对小龙虾心脏和运动活动进行无创和持续监测。该系统可轻松应用于小龙虾心脏生理和伦理的实验室检查, 以及控制水处理和供水设施水质的工业实施。
Protocol
Representative Results
Discussion
人们普遍认为, 测量某些生理参数 (如心脏或通气率或两者兼而有之) 是记录小龙虾反应的更可靠的方法, 而不是对并不总是发生的行为反应的评价立刻11。然而, 评估小龙虾对环境变化的真正反应的最有效方法显然是心脏活动和行为记录的结合, 因为这样就可以看到小龙虾心跳的原因这些变化是否因周围环境的化学变化或运动的开始而发生。在水质监测过程中, 至关重要的是要消除…
Divulgazioni
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
这项研究得到了捷克共和国教育、青年和体育部 “cenakva” 项目 “cenakva” 项目的支持。CZ.1.05/2.1.00/01.0024 和 “cenakva ii” 否。根据国家可持续发展方案 i, 由捷克布杰约维采的南波希米亚大学赠款机构 (012/2016/z) 和捷克共和国赠款机构 (16-06498s 号) 提交
Materials
| IR LED diode | KINGBRIGHT ELECTRONIC | KP-3216F3C | |
| Phototransistor | EVERLIGHT | ELPT15-21C | |
| Resistor | ROYAL OHM | 0805S8J0201T5E | |
| Resistor | ROYAL OHM | 0805S8F2200T5E | |
| Capacitor | KEMET | C0805C334K5RACTU | |
| Cable | TECHNOKABEL | FTP KAT.5E 4X2X0,14C | |
| Connector | HARTING | 21348100380005 | |
| Connector | HARTING | 21348000380005 | |
| Dielectric gel | KRAYDEN | Sylgard 535 | |
| Analogue-to-digital convertor | TEDIA | UDAQ-1416CA | |
| Glue | KUPSITO.SK | 7338723044 | |
| Kinect video camera | ABCSTORE.CZ | GT3-00002 | |
| Analysis software | University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, Institute of Complex Systems | Link to the software: www.frov.jcu.cz/crayfishmonitoring User name: frov Password: CF2018 |
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