Summary

定制低温玻璃假眼

Published: October 31, 2019
doi:

Summary

本手稿展示了定制低温玻璃假眼的每个步骤,包括使用低温玻璃制造眼假体与聚物(甲基甲基丙烯酸酯)相比的一些主要优势。此外,这份手稿使眼科医生能够更好地了解眼科护理,从而改善专业间的合作。

Abstract

在德国、奥地利和瑞士,超过 90% 的眼科医生仍使用图林根州的低温玻璃制造定制假肢。本手稿详细展示了这种被遗忘已久的技术。本手稿显示了与聚物(甲基丙烯酸酯)(PMMA)相比,使用低温玻璃制造假眼的一些主要优点。这些优势包括假肢重量较轻、患者满意度较高,以及定制制造所需的一次预约。潜在的破损风险似乎不是玻璃假眼佩戴者的一个关键劣势。然而,在一些患者中,由于眼罩套位并发症(如核后套接线综合征、疤痕的肛门或轨道植入物暴露),制造合适的假眼是不可能的或合理的。本文让眼科医生对眼科护理有了更好的了解,以便改善眼科医生和眼科医生之间必不可少的专业间协作。

Introduction

本手稿的目的是全面展示在德语国家以外长期被遗忘的定制低温玻璃假肢的制造技术(图1)。本手稿还重点介绍了此技术的主要优点。其中包括由于消防抛光而使假体的非常光滑的表面,由于空心设计,假肢重量轻,患者满意度高,并且只需预约一次定制假肢1 23,45.本文还给眼科医生更好的见解,眼科护理,以提高必要的专业间协作1,2,3,4, 5.

1832年,来自德国图林根州的玻璃吹制者路德维希·乌里·穆勒根据法国4号制造的一流型号研制出低温玻璃假眼。与以前的玻璃眼4、6、7、8相比,低温玻璃的优点、更好的耐受性、更容易加工和更长的耐久性。荷兰眼科医生赫尔曼·斯内伦在1880年4、6、7、8日用这种低温玻璃制作了一只轻质空心假眼。这种轻巧的假眼,Snellen’改革眼’,增加了假眼的体积,导致更好地适应更大的眼窝后,引入的封闭程序,使麻醉和阿塞普塞斯48.二十年后,低温玻璃已成为假肢眼最常用的材料。德国已发展成为全球假眼制造中心2、4、5、7、8。第二次世界大战开始时,德语的低温玻璃眼在德语区之外变得不可用。因此,(聚)甲基丙烯酸酯(PMMA)成为假眼4、7、8的替代材料,而今天PMMA是全球假肢最常用的材料4 58.尽管如此,在德语国家,超过90%的眼科医生仍然使用图林根州2、3、4、5的低温玻璃制造定制假肢。 7,8,9,1011,12,13。每个定制的低温玻璃假眼都分两步生产:第一步是生产一个”半完成”的低温玻璃眼,符合具有虹膜和孔的白色球体(图2)。第二个决定性的步骤是为各自的患者定制”半完成”低温玻璃假眼。为此,根据与患者健康同仁眼睛的最佳配光膜颜色,从数千只(图3)中选择一个”半干”低温玻璃眼。

以下协议为特定患者定制了选定的”半完成”低温玻璃眼。此步骤持续约 25-35 分钟。

Protocol

下列涉及人类参与者的议定书中执行的所有程序均符合科隆大学机构研究委员会的道德标准以及1964年《赫尔辛基宣言》及其后来的修正案,或可比的道德标准。 1. 假眼定制 根据与患者健康同仁的眼睛的最佳匹配光圈颜色,选择一只”半干”低温玻璃眼睛(图3)。 检查当前假眼的安装情况。为此,让患者直视前方。特别注意假肢的保…

Representative Results

最佳效果包括一个新的假肢低温玻璃眼,适合非常好,舒适,具有良好的运动性,与假眼的外观,包括眼睑轮廓,几乎是对称的健康同胞的眼睛(图12)。 如果新的假肢低温玻璃眼睛适合和舒适,则会产生次优效果,但外观效果存在顾虑。如果假肢不能完美贴合,外观(包括眼睑轮廓)可能与健康的眼睛不对称。在这种情况下,假肢最终可以重新设计。…

Discussion

在植入轨道后,必须插入一个结物两周(图1),以防止结膜的疤痕,并随后插入假肢2,3,4 71213.由于早期眼假肢插入可改善精细胞后的生活质量,并确保更好的康复,低温玻璃假眼佩戴者在手术后两<…

Divulgazioni

The authors have nothing to disclose.

Acknowledgements

没有收到该手稿的资金。

Materials

Bunsen burner with gas and air flow over a fire-resistant worktop made from anodised stainless steel
Hollow skewer
Ocularist forceps
Preheated metal container to 500 degree celsius
Pre-produced "half-done" cryolite glass eye
Transparent glass stem
Various preproduced glass stems in different colors

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Citazione di questo articolo
Rokohl, A. C., Trester, M., Mor, J. M., Loreck, N., Koch, K. R., Heindl, L. M. Customizing a Cryolite Glass Prosthetic Eye. J. Vis. Exp. (152), e60016, doi:10.3791/60016 (2019).

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