Summary

用立方体进行全肾三维染色

Published: July 18, 2022
doi:

Summary

本协议描述了用于三维(3D)肾脏成像的组织清除方法和全安装免疫荧光染色。这种技术可以为肾脏病理学提供宏观视角,从而带来新的生物学发现。

Abstract

尽管常规病理学提供了大量关于肾脏微观结构的信息,但由于缺乏三维(3D)信息,很难知道肾脏中血管,近端小管,集合管,肾小球和交感神经的精确结构。光学清除是克服这一巨大障碍的好策略。通过结合组织清除和3D成像技术,可以以单细胞分辨率分析整个器官中的多个细胞。然而,用于全器官成像的细胞标记方法仍然不发达。特别是,由于抗体穿透困难,整个安装器官染色具有挑战性。本协议开发了一种全安装小鼠肾脏染色,用于使用CUBIC(透明,无阻碍的脑/身体成像混合物和计算分析)组织清除方法进行3D成像。该方案能够从综合的角度可视化糖尿病肾病早期缺血再灌注损伤和肾小球肿大后的肾交感神经去神经。因此,这种技术可以通过提供宏观视角来导致肾脏研究的新发现。

Introduction

肾脏由各种细胞群组成。虽然常规病理学为我们提供了许多关于肾脏微环境的信息,但需要三维(3D)成像来精确了解肾脏疾病进展过程中的细胞间串扰。过去,全器官3D成像需要进行大量的连续切片和图像重建1。然而,这种方法需要太多的努力,并且在重现性方面存在问题。

光学清除是克服这一障碍的好策略23。组织混浊主要是由于光散射和吸收,因为每个器官由各种物质组成,包括水、蛋白质和脂质。因此,组织清除的基本策略是用折射率(RI)匹配试剂代替组织中的水和脂质,这些试剂具有与蛋白质相同的光学特性4。为了观察透明标本,光片荧光显微镜是有用的5。光片从侧面照亮透明标本,激发信号通过位于垂直位置的物镜6采集。该显微镜在单次扫描中获取横截面信息,这与共聚焦或多光子荧光显微镜不同。因此,它可以快速获取具有低光漂白水平的z-stack图像。

清晰、无阻碍的脑/身体成像混合物和计算分析 (CUBIC) 是一种组织清除方法,可通过光片荧光显微镜278 进行全器官成像。在本研究中优化了立方体和全安装免疫荧光染色,以可视化小鼠肾脏3D结构91011。使用这种全安装染色方法,在糖尿病肾病早期的缺血再灌注损伤 910 和肾小球肿大11 以及整个肾脏中的血管、近端小管和集合管9 后,可以看到肾交感神经的改变。

Protocol

所有实验均获得东京大学机构审查委员会的批准。所有动物程序均根据美国国立卫生研究院指南进行。8周龄的雄性C57BL / 6NJcl小鼠用于本研究。小鼠是从商业来源获得的(见 材料表)。 1. 动物制备和肾脏固定 按照以下步骤进行灌注固定。通过吸入异氟醚(3%,2.0L / min)和腹膜内给予盐酸美托咪定(0.3mg / kg),酒石酸布托芬诺(5mg / kg)…

Representative Results

使用这种染色方法,可视化整个肾脏中的交感神经[抗酪氨酸羟化酶(TH)抗体]和动脉[抗α平滑肌肌动蛋白(αSMA)抗体](图4A,B和视频1)9。缺血/再灌注损伤(IRI)后也可见异常的肾交感神经9,10(图4C)。此外,使用该协议实现了整个脾脏13中?…

Discussion

该协议允许对各种结构进行全肾3D成像,例如交感神经,集合管,动脉,近端小管和肾小球91011。这种染色方法提供了宏观观察,并通过可视化缺血再灌注损伤910后肾交感神经的改变和糖尿病肾病初始阶段肾小球肿大11带来了新的生物学发现。

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Divulgazioni

The authors have nothing to disclose.

Acknowledgements

这项工作的一部分是通过与Hiroki R. Ueda教授(东京大学),Etsuo A. Susaki教授(顺天堂大学),Tetsuhiro Tanaka教授(东北大学),Masafumi Fukagawa教授,Takehiko Wada博士和Hirotaka Komaba博士(东海大学)合作进行的。

Materials

14 mL Round Bottom High Clarity PP Test Tube Falcon 352059 Tissue clearing, staining, wash
2,3-dimethyl-1-phenyl-5-pyrazolone/antipyrine Tokyo Chemical Industry D1876 CUBIC-R+
37%-Formaldehyde Solution Nacalai Tesque 16223-55 Post fixation
4%-Paraformaldehyde Phosphate Buffer Solution Nacalai Tesque 09154-85 Kidney fixation
Alexa Flour 555-conjugated donkey anti-sheep IgG antibody Invitrogen A-21436 Secondary antibody (1:100)
Alexa Flour 647-conjugated donkey anti-rabbit IgG antibody Invitrogen A-31573 Secondary antibody (1:200)
Anti-aquaporin 2 (AQP2) antibody Abcam ab199975 Primary antibody (1:100)
Anti-podocin antibody Sigma-Aldrich P0372 Primary antibody (1:100)
Anti-sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) antibody Abcam ab85626 Primary antibody (1:100)
Anti-tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) antibody Abcam ab113 Primary antibody (1:100)
Anti-α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) antibody Abcam ab5694 Primary antibody (1:200)
Blocker Casein in PBS Thermo Fisher Scientific 37528 Staining buffer
Butorphanol Tartrate Meiji 005526 Anesthetic
C57BL/6NJcl Nippon Bio-Supp.Center N/A Mouse strain
Imaris Bitplane N/A Imaging analysis software
Macro-zoom microscope OLYMPUS MVX10 The observation unit of the custom-built microscope
Medetomidine Hydrochloride Kyoritsu-Seiyaku 008656 Anesthetic
Midazolam SANDOZ 27803229 Anesthetic
Mineral oil Sigma-Aldrich M8410 Immersion oil
N-buthyldiethanolamine Tokyo Chemical Industry B0725 CUBIC-L, CUBIC-R+
Nicotinamide Tokyo Chemical Industry N0078 CUBIC-R+
Polyethylene glycol mono-p-isooctylphenyl ether/Triton X-100 Nacalai Tesque 12967-45 CUBIC-L, PBST
Silicon oil HIVAC-F4 Shin-Etsu Chemical 50449832 Immersion oil
Sodium azide Wako 195-11092 Staining buffer

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Citazione di questo articolo
Hasegawa, S., Nangaku, M. Whole-Kidney Three-Dimensional Staining with CUBIC. J. Vis. Exp. (185), e63986, doi:10.3791/63986 (2022).

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