Summary

整体概念联合解剖切除在腹腔镜肝切除术中的应用

Published: March 10, 2023
doi:

Summary

许多研究已经证明了解剖切除术的优点。尽管如此,解剖切除是否能提高R0切除率仍存在争议。因此,本研究描述了腹腔镜肝切除术中整体概念结合解剖切除的创新方法,可以减少术后复发和转移。

Abstract

腹腔镜肝切除术在许多研究中都有报道,它是肝脏切除术的主流方法。在某些特殊情况下,例如当囊性床附近有肿瘤时,外科医生无法通过腹腔镜方法触诊手术边缘,这导致R0切除的不确定性。传统上,首先切除胆囊,其次切除肝叶或节段。然而,在上述情况下,肿瘤组织可以播散。为了解决这个问题,基于对肝炎门和肝内解剖结构的认识,我们提出了一种独特的肝切除术结合胆囊原 位解剖切除术的方法。首先,解剖胆囊管后,在不主要切除胆囊的情况下,由单腔输尿管预先阻塞肝门;其次,左肝蒂通过Laennec膜和肺门板的间隙使自由;第三,要求助手拖拽胆囊底,用谐波手术刀沿肝表面缺血线和术中超声切除肝实质组织。整个肝中静脉(MHV)及其支流完全出现;最后,断开左肝静脉(LHV)的连接,并将标本从腹腔中取出。肿瘤、胆囊等周围组织整体切除,符合无肿瘤标准,实现宽切口缘和R0切除。因此,整体概念与解剖切除相结合的腹腔镜肝切除术是一种安全、有效、彻底的方法,术后复发和转移率低。

Introduction

肝细胞癌是一种常见的癌症;它是成人中第六大常见肿瘤,也是全球癌症死亡的第三大原因,预计其发病率将在未来上升1。据报道,手术切除、消融电化学治疗、经动脉化疗栓塞、全身治疗(如索拉非尼)和移植是肝癌的有效治疗方式23。在这些选择中,手术切除肝细胞癌(HCC)被认为是主要的治疗方法,因为肿瘤可以完全切除而不是限制4

腹腔镜手术是一种微创技术,与开放切除5相比,围手术期并发症更少,在世界范围内取得了长足的进步,并稳步成为肝脏手术的重要手术方法678然而,在腹腔镜肝切除术中,外科医生无法在直视下识别肿瘤边缘,并且担心无法确保腹腔镜止血,这阻碍了大多数肝脏外科医生尝试这种要求苛刻的手术。1960年,林某等报道了一例右肝叶切除术伴肝内门静脉椎弓根结扎术9例。1986年,高崎还描述了Glisson的椎弓根横断面肝切除术,命名为鞘外解剖10。1991年,Reich等应用腹腔镜切除良性肝肿瘤,完成了世界上第一例腹腔镜肝切除术11。此后,解剖肝切除术在为腹腔镜肝切除术提供技术支持的同时,逐渐进入公众视野。然而,在本研究中的病例中,肿瘤的下端到达囊性板,简单的传统解剖切除不能保证R0切除,但此类病例的处理很少有详细报道。1999年,Neuhaus等人提出了门静脉全切除的原理,被证明是一个良好的预后指标,增加了R0切除的机会12。因此,随着对肝脏解剖学的新理解,我们提出了一种称为“整体概念结合解剖切除”的新方法,如本视频协议中所述。

在这项研究中,患者为2021年8月入院的67岁女性,轻度上腹痛1个月。她的病史以高血压和糖尿病而闻名。腹部对比增强计算机体层成像显示位于肝脏第 4 节段的异质增强肿块,大小为 247 mm x 54 mm x 50 mm。肿块的下端已到达囊板,不能排除胆囊侵犯的可能性(图1)。Child-Pugh肝功能13为A级,ICG清除率为1415 R15为5.1%(<10%)。根据BCLC流程16将患者分类为A期,根据CNLC流程17将患者分类为IB期。经过多学科会议,决定她的治疗应该是腹腔镜左叶肝脏切除术和胆囊切除术。采用整体切除结合腹腔镜解剖肝切除的概念,以完全消除巨大的肝脏肿块。

Protocol

该程序由广州医科大学附属第二医院临床研究与应用伦理委员会审查批准。研究的内容和方法符合医学伦理规范和要求。患者在手术前被告知研究的目的、背景、过程、风险和益处。患者理解参与这项研究是自愿的,并签署了知情同意书。 1. 患者定位、器械和端口放置 将患者仰卧位,在手术台上反向 30° 的特伦德伦堡位置,然后在手术过程中向右倾斜 30?…

Representative Results

手术持续时间为255 min,术中未观察到并发症,估计失血量小于20 mL。手术未转为开放手术,未见术后并发症。解剖切除肝段2、肝段3、肝段4(含胆囊),MHV及其支流(V5v,肝静脉第五节腹支;V8v,肝静脉节段的腹侧分支)完全暴露在外围。肿瘤的石蜡病理学22 证实了肝细胞癌,其距离阴性肝切除边缘2.2cm(图16)。CT复查结果显示剩余肝实质无异常异质增强(…

Discussion

解剖肝切除术是一种可以同时切除病变和肝段以及相应静脉的手术,被认为是治疗肝癌的理想方法23242526随着技术创新,腹腔镜解剖肝切除术作为传统开放性肝切除术的替代方案发展迅速,现已被广泛接受27。该技术可以减少术中失血,最大限度地保留功能性肝容量,减少患…

Divulgazioni

The authors have nothing to disclose.

Acknowledgements

这项工作得到了广州市科技项目(202102010090)和广州市卫生和计划生育委员会的资助(授予唐博士的拨款号:20201A001086)。

Materials

30° Laparoscopy Olympus Corporation CV-190
Harmonic Ace Ultrasonic Surgical Devices Ethicon Endo-Surgery, LLC  HAR36
Laparoscopic ultrasonography Hitachi Arietta 60
Monopole electrocoagulation Kangji Medical /
Nasogastric tube Pacific Hospital Supply Co. Ltd I02705
Powered plus stapler Ethicon Endo-Surgery, LLC PSEE60A
Single lumen ureter Well Lead Medical CO, LTD 14F,8F
Trocar Surgaid Medical NPCM-100-1-10
Vascular clips Teleflex Medical 544243

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Citazione di questo articolo
Wen, H., Cheng, N., Tang, J., Liu, S., Zhou, H., Li, X., Cao, L. Application of the En Bloc Concept Combined with Anatomic Resection in Laparoscopic Hepatectomy. J. Vis. Exp. (193), e64675, doi:10.3791/64675 (2023).

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