Summary

正念训练联合太极拳对糖尿病周围神经病变患者的影响

Published: July 14, 2023
doi:

Summary

在研究运动治疗糖尿病周围神经病变 (DPN) 时,实现身心锻炼至关重要。本研究提出了一种正念训练与太极拳相结合的方案,以实现身心锻炼。

Abstract

糖尿病周围神经病变(DPN)是糖尿病最常见的慢性并发症之一。其关键的治疗方法之一是身心锻炼。最近,研究了各种运动方式,包括踏步、阻力、有氧运动、平衡和全身振动,以构建最适合 DPN 患者的运动形式。本研究的目的是描述正念训练与太极拳相结合的标准方案。 采用便利抽样法从3个社区中选取90例符合纳入和排除标准的DPN患者。将3个社区随机分为对照组(CG)、太极拳组(TCG)和正念训练联合太极拳组(MTCG)。CG每月接受一次常规健康教育指导,共3次。根据CG,TCG练习了三次太极拳;MTCG每周接受正念训练和太极拳练习,共计12周。采用多伦多临床评分系统(TCSS)、正念注意力意识量表(MAAS)、视觉模拟量表(VAS)、糖尿病特异性生活质量量表(DSQL)和肿瘤坏死因子-α评估受试者的临床症状、神经功能、注意力意识水平、疼痛和生活质量。总的来说,在太极拳中加入正念训练,有效增强了太极拳的运动效果,因此,正念训练与太极拳相结合,是值得推广和应用的。

Introduction

糖尿病 (DM) 是全球严重的健康问题,影响着全球数百万人1.国际糖尿病联合会 (IDF) 显示,到 2045 年,糖尿病的患病率可能会增加至 12.2%2。2 型糖尿病 (T2DM) 约占DM 2 的 90%。T2DM 患者,尤其是那些难以控制血糖水平的患者,可能会出现不良并发症,包括大血管疾病、微血管病和糖尿病周围神经病变 (DPN)3。DPN 是一种普遍存在的微血管并发症,随着时间的推移,至少 50% 的 DM 患者会出现 DPN 体征和症状4。不幸的是,DPN 经常被忽视,患者的实际数字远高于大多数病例报告的数字2

血糖控制不佳的患者容易发生起病隐匿的 DPN。DPN 的初始症状通常不明显,这使得患者很容易忽视病情。当出现明显的症状和功能障碍时,已造成不可逆的神经损伤5.DPN 具有复杂的临床表现。患者患有长期代谢紊乱和氧化应激损伤。这可能导致对称性肢体麻木、疼痛或感觉异常 6,7。随着疾病的进展,神经和血管损伤进一步加重,最终导致不可逆的组织损伤8.糖尿病足溃疡和截肢的发生率与 DPN9 的死亡率相关。此外,由于 DPN 的症状经常持续存在,许多患者会出现抑郁、睡眠障碍和活动受限,导致整体生活质量下降甚至残疾10

目前,除了血糖控制和药物治疗外,生活方式干预(包括运动、饮食、心理治疗等)是公认的对 DPN 患者的有效治疗方法11。根据美国糖尿病协会(ADA)的说法,“有价值的运动对所有糖尿病患者都有好处”。例如,它可以改善糖脂代谢和胰岛素抵抗1。研究表明,运动可以改善 DPN12,13 患者的代谢、血管损伤和神经功能。然而,DPN 患者由于缺乏运动、疼痛和对足部受伤的恐惧而不愿运动。

根据恐惧回避模型 (FAM),糖尿病周围神经病变 (DPN) 患者的身体不适和日常活动受限会降低他们的社交互动能力,进而导致焦虑和抑郁等负面情绪反应14.相反,负面情绪会影响血糖控制并增加并发症的发生率15,16,17,18。因此,DPN推荐采用身心疗法,其重点是思想、情绪、身体和行为之间的相互作用。目的是实现身体和心灵的平衡。

太极拳是中国传统的身心运动。太极拳因其独特的运动方式和对疾病的治疗作用而受到世界学者的广泛关注。在国际期刊上发表的多项高质量临床试验证实了太极拳对帕金森病19、中风20、代谢综合征21、膝关节炎22、乳腺癌23等慢性病的治疗和康复的有效性。太极拳属于一类中等强度的有氧运动,它使用连续的身体螺旋运动和调节呼吸来提高有氧能力、肌肉力量、平衡和运动能力。中医认为太极拳可以平衡阴阳,跑气流血,放松经络24。对于DPN患者来说,这是一种合适的运动形式。许多研究发现,太极拳可以改善胰岛素抵抗和血脂,并降低焦虑和抑郁的发生率25,26。此外,太极拳可以改善T2DM 27患者的生活质量并降低体重指数。

正念训练是另一种突出的身心干预,其重点是培养一种有意识的、即时的、非评判性的体验意识28.它有助于增强对当前体验的关注,包括思想、感觉、呼吸和身体感觉。Zeidan的研究发现,正念训练可以使患者更客观地评估不适并改善自我调节29。Wielgosz的研究表明,运动干预的最大问题是依从性差,这可以通过在运动30中增加正念训练来解决。正念训练结合运动可有效提高患者运动意愿,增加运动时间和频率,促进患者在活动中感知身体感觉。

同时,运动结合正念训练,可以拓宽患者的视野,增强对自己的了解。这有助于身体变得更加灵活、放松和平衡,有效缓解患者的负面体验。正念训练的概念与太极拳的“形灵合一”的理念是一致的。 由于感觉功能受损,大多数DPN患者经常从大脑提供的脚部接收错误信息31。正念训练可以通过心理调节和神经调节来增强运动的效果32.因此,本研究旨在验证正念训练结合太极拳的可行性,并探讨其对 DPN 患者的影响。

Protocol

本研究严格遵循尊重道德、仁慈正义的原则。每组30名受试者,共90例。本课题已获成都中医药大学附属医院伦理委员会批准(2021KL-040)。从纳入本研究的患者那里获得知情同意。 1. 研究对象 采用便捷抽样法,选择成都的3个社区。 从三个社区招募 T2DM 周围神经病变患者。 使用以下纳入标准。包括 40-75 岁的患者。 包括诊断为…

Representative Results

在这项研究中,有 7 人未能完成试验。所有必要的数据都是从完成试验的83个人中收集的。有38名女性和45名男性。年龄从44岁到75岁不等,平均年龄为(60.57+8.76)。DM 可能持续 4 到 22 年,平均为 14.10 + 4.85 年。DPN 持续了 1 年到 15 年不等,平均为 5.76 + 2.78 年。三组的一般数据差异无统计学意义(p>0.05)。 干预后,3组患者TCSS评分差异有统计学意义(P < 0.001)(见?…

Discussion

以前的许多研究都报道了如何应用太极拳来治疗和康复慢性疾病40,41。虽然太极拳在慢性病的治疗和康复方面显示出积极的作用,但真正实现身心锻炼对于增强太极拳的效果至关重要。 本研究将太极拳与正念训练相结合,成功提高了太极拳的练习效果,确实实现了身心运动。

这项研究成功地将正念训练融入了太极拳。 参与者必须?…

Divulgazioni

The authors have nothing to disclose.

Acknowledgements

本研究得到了成都中医药大学附属医院科技发展基金(20HL01)和四川省干部健康研究项目(2023-505)的资助。这项研究得到了四川省干部卫生厅(川赣颜2023-505)的资助。

Materials

SPSS 24.0  IBM version 24.0  Statistical analysis

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Citazione di questo articolo
Yue, Y., Deng, M., Liao, S., Xiao, G., Huang, Y. Effects of Mindfulness Training Combined with Tai Chi in Patients with Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy. J. Vis. Exp. (197), e65421, doi:10.3791/65421 (2023).

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