Hadassah Medical Center 2 articles published in JoVE Biology Inducing Apical Periodontitis in Mice Elisheva Goldman1,2, Eli Reich1, Itzhak Abramovitz*2, Michael Klutstein*1 1Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 2Department of Endodontics, Hadassah Ein Kerem Medical Center Here, we present a protocol to locally induce apical periodontitis in mice. We show how to drill a hole in the mouse's tooth and expose its pulp, in order to cause local inflammation. Analysis methods to investigate the nature of this inflammation, such as micro-CT and histology, are also demonstrated. Genetics Retrospective MicroRNA Sequencing: Complementary DNA Library Preparation Protocol Using Formalin-fixed Paraffin-embedded RNA Specimens Olivier Loudig1,2,3, Christina Liu1,2, Thomas Rohan3, Iddo Z. Ben-Dov4 1Department of Research, Hackensack University Medical Center, 2Department of Medical Sciences, Seton Hall University, 3Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 4Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens represent a valuable source of molecular biomarkers of human diseases. Here we present a laboratory-based cDNA library preparation protocol, initially designed with fresh frozen RNA, and optimized for the analysis of archived microRNAs from tissues stored up to 35 years.