VA Palo Alto Health Care System 4 articles published in JoVE Medicine Targeted and Selective Treatment of Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived Teratomas Using External Beam Radiation in a Small-animal Model Karim Sallam1,2,3, June-Wha Rhee1,2, Tony Chour1, Jessica D'addabbo1,2,3, Andrew S. Lee1,2,4,5,6, Edward Graves4,5,7, Patricia K. Nguyen1,2,3 1Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 2Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 3Medical Service, Cardiology Section, Veteran Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, 4Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 5Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, 6Peking University Shenzhen Health Science Institute, 7Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine Research on treatment strategies for pluripotent stem cell-derived teratomas is important for the clinical translation of stem cell therapy. Here, we describe a protocol to, first, generate stem cell-derived teratomas in mice and, then, to selectively target and treat these tumors in vivo using a small-animal irradiator. Behavior Use of a Video Scoring Anchor for Rapid Serial Assessment of Social Communication in Toddlers Natasha Marrus1, Stefanie Kennon-McGill1, Brooke Harris2, Yi Zhang1, Anne L. Glowinski1, John N. Constantino1 1Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 2Veteran's Administration Palo Alto Health Care System Here we present a protocol for administration of the video-referenced rating of reciprocal social behavior (vrRSB) using a paper or online version. This survey quantifies RSB, a prerequisite for social competence, in toddlers through "video-referenced" items whereby a subject is compared to a reference child shown in a three-minute video. Medicine Evaluation of Tumor-infiltrating Leukocyte Subsets in a Subcutaneous Tumor Model Russell K. Pachynski1, Alexander Scholz3, Justin Monnier2,3, Eugene C. Butcher3, Brian A. Zabel2 1Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 2Palo Alto Institute for Research and Education, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, 3Laboratory of Immunology and Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine This protocol describes a method for the detailed evaluation of leukocyte subsets within the tumor microenvironment in a mouse tumor model. Chemerin-expressing B16 melanoma cells were implanted subcutaneously into syngeneic mice. Cells from the tumor microenvironment were then stained and analyzed by flow cytometry, allowing for detailed leukocyte subset analyses. Neuroscience Assessment of Dendritic Arborization in the Dentate Gyrus of the Hippocampal Region in Mice Devsmita Das1,2, Cristy Phillips3, Bill Lin1, Fatemeh Mojabi1, Mehmet Akif Baktir2, Van Dang1,2, Ravikumar Ponnusamy1, Ahmad Salehi1,2 1VA Palo Alto Health Care System, 2Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 3Department of Physical Therapy, Arkansas State University We describe two methods for visualization and quantification of dendritic arborization in the hippocampus of mouse models: real-time and extended depth of field imaging. While the former method allows sophisticated topographical tracing and quantification of the extent of branching, the latter allows speedy visualization of the dendritic tree.