Brigham Young University View Institution's Website 9 articles published in JoVE Immunology and Infection Measuring Dynamic Glycosomal pH Changes in Living Trypanosoma brucei Daniel Call*1, Sabrina S. Pizarro*2,3, Erica Tovey1, Emily Knight2,3, Carrie Baumgardner2,4, Kenneth A. Christensen1, James C. Morris2 1Department Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, 2Eukaryotic Pathogens Innovation Center, Clemson University, 3Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, 4Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University We describe a method to study how pH responds to environmental cues in the glycosomes of the bloodstream form of African trypanosomes. This approach involves a pH-sensitive heritable protein sensor in combination with flow cytometry to measure pH dynamics, both as a time-course assay and in a high-throughput screen format. Engineering Fabrication and Testing of Miniature Automatic Photophoretic Trapping Rigs Riley Kuttler1, Dylan Barton1, Brenden Weaver1, Alexander Steffan1, Braden Huffman1, Steven Griffith1, Daniel Smalley1 1Electrical Engineering, Brigham Young University This work describes and characterizes the fabrication of miniature automatic photophoretic trapping rigs. Environment Measuring Enzymatic Stability by Isothermal Titration Calorimetry W. K. Dindi Chan1, Marco Mason1, Lee D. Hansen2, Jason Donald Kenealey1 1Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Science, Brigham Young University, 2Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University The thermal stability of enzyme activity is readily measured by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). Most protein stability assays currently used measure protein unfolding, but do not provide information about enzymatic activity. ITC enables direct determination of the effect of enzyme modifications on the stability of enzyme activity. Biology High-resolution Respirometry to Measure Mitochondrial Function of Intact Beta Cells in the Presence of Natural Compounds Kyle B. Kener1, Devin J. Munk1, Chad R. Hancock1, Jeffery S. Tessem1 1Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Science Department, Brigham Young University The goal of this protocol is to measure the effect of glucose-mediated changes to mitochondrial respiration in the presence of natural compounds on intact 832/13 beta cells using high-resolution respirometry. Medicine Induction and Assessment of Exertional Skeletal Muscle Damage in Humans Michael R. Deyhle*1, Jacob R. Sorensen*1, Robert D. Hyldahl1 1Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University This article describes a safe and reliable method to induce and quantify exertional skeletal muscle damage in human subjects. Developmental Biology Rearing the Fruit Fly Drosophila melanogaster Under Axenic and Gnotobiotic Conditions Melinda L. Koyle1, Madeline Veloz1, Alec M. Judd1, Adam C.-N. Wong2,4, Peter D. Newell2,5, Angela E. Douglas2,3, John M. Chaston1,2 1Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, 2Department of Entomology, Cornell University, 3Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, 4Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 5Biological Sciences, SUNY Oswego A method for rearing Drosophila melanogaster under axenic and gnotobiotic conditions is presented. Fly embryos are dechorionated in sodium hypochlorite, transferred aseptically to sterile diet, and reared in closed containers. Inoculating diet and embryos with bacteria leads to gnotobiotic associations, and bacterial presence is confirmed by plating whole-body Drosophila homogenates. Engineering Characterization of Anisotropic Leaky Mode Modulators for Holovideo Scott Gneiting1, Jacob Kimball1, Andrew Henrie1, Stephen McLaughlin1, Taylor DeGraw1, Daniel Smalley1 1Electrical Engineering, Brigham Young University This work describes fabrication and characterization of anisotropic leaky mode modulators for holographic video. Engineering Determining 3D Flow Fields via Multi-camera Light Field Imaging Tadd T. Truscott1, Jesse Belden2, Joseph R. Nielson1, David J. Daily1, Scott L. Thomson1 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Brigham Young University, 2Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Newport, RI A technique for performing quantitative three-dimensional (3D) imaging for a range of fluid flows is presented. Using concepts from the area of Light Field Imaging, we reconstruct 3D volumes from arrays of images. Our 3D results span a broad range including velocity fields and multi-phase bubble size distributions. Bioengineering Synthetic, Multi-Layer, Self-Oscillating Vocal Fold Model Fabrication Preston R. Murray1, Scott L. Thomson1 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Brigham Young University The methodology for fabricating synthetic vocal fold models is described. The models are life-sized and mimic the multi-layer structure of the human vocal folds. Results show the models to self-oscillate at pressures comparable to lung pressure and demonstrate flow-induced vibratory responses that are similar to those of human vocal folds.