Chapter 17
Aromatic Compounds
![Aromatic Compounds: Overview](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/12448.jpg)
In general, the term ‘aromatic’ indicates a pleasant smell or fragrance from fresh flowers, freshly prepared coffee, etc. In the early…
![Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds with a Single Substituent](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/12449.jpg)
Benzene is the simplest aromatic hydrocarbon or arene. The IUPAC names for simple monosubstituted benzene derivatives are derived by adding the…
![Structure of Benzene: Kekulé Model](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/12450.jpg)
In 1865, August Kekule suggested the structure of benzene according to the structural theory of organic chemistry based on the three…
![Structure of Benzene: Molecular Orbital Model](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/12451.jpg)
According to the molecular orbital (MO) model, benzene has a planar structure with a regular hexagon of six sp2 hybridized carbons. As shown in…
![Hückel's Rule Diagram of π MOs: Frost Circle](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/12454.jpg)
The Frost circle or the inscribed polygon method is a graphical method for determining the relative energies of π molecular orbitals (MOs) for…
![Frost Circles for Different Conjugated Systems](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/12866.jpg)
The inscribed polygon method is consistent with Hückel’s 4n + 2 rule and helps to learn whether the given cyclic compound is aromatic or…
![Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/12868.jpg)
Cycloheptatriene is a neutral monocyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon that consists of an odd number of carbon atoms and an intervening sp3 carbon in the…
![Five-Membered Heterocyclic Aromatic Compounds: Overview](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/12458.jpg)
Heterocyclic aromatic compounds are cyclic compounds that are aromatic and have one or more heteroatoms—atoms other than carbon, in the ring.…
![Microwave-Assisted Preparation of 1-Aryl-1<em>H</em>-pyrazole-5-amines](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/thumbs/59896_t.png)
A synthetic process for the preparation of a variety of 1-aryl-1H-pyrazole-5-amines was developed. The microwave-mediated nature of this method makes…
![Protocol for the Synthesis of <em>Ortho</em>-trifluoromethoxylated Aniline Derivatives](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/thumbs/53789_t.png)
Molecules bearing trifluoromethoxy (OCF3) group often show desired pharmacological and biological properties. However, facile synthesis of…